Japanese yen
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| ISO 4217 Code | JPY |
| User(s) | Japan |
| Inflation | -0.2% |
| Source | The World Factbook, 2005 est. |
| Subunit | |
| 1/100 | sen |
| 1/1000 | rin |
| Symbol | ¥ |
| Plural | The language(s) of this currency does not have a morphological plural distinction. |
| Coins | ¥1, ¥5, ¥10, ¥50, ¥100, ¥500 |
| Banknotes | |
| Freq. used | ¥1000, ¥5000, ¥10000 |
| Rarely used | ¥2000 |
| Central bank | Bank of Japan |
| Website | www.boj.or.jp |
| Printer | National Printing Bureau |
| Website | www.npb.go.jp |
| Mint | Japan Mint |
| Website | www.mint.go.jp |
- "Yen" redirects here. For other uses, see Yen (disambiguation).
- "YEN" redirects here. For the airport with the same IATA airport code, see Estevan Airport.
- "JPY" redirects here. For the Australian singer with the same moniker, see John Paul Young.
The yen or en (Japanese: 円, en, in older Japanese yen) is the currency of Japan. It is also widely used as a reserve currency after the United States dollar and euro. The ISO 4217 codes for the yen are JPY and 392. The Latinised symbol is ¥, while in Japanese it is written with the kanji 円.
Contents |
[edit] Etymology
The yen is a cognate of the Chinese yuan and the Korean won, and was originally written in the same way in Kanji as the Chinese yuan (圓 pinyin: yuán, Wade-Giles: yuen). Modern Japanese writings now use the simplified shinjitai character (円) which is different from the one commonly used (as shorthand) in Chinese (元). The Latinized symbol (¥) for the yen however, is identical to the one for the Chinese yuan, although the PRC also uses the single-crossbar Y (Ұ). Consequently, the ISO abbreviations JPY for the yen and CNY for the yuan are used to avoid confusion of the two currencies.
In standard Japanese, the yen is pronounced "en" but the spelling and pronunciation of "yen" is standard in English, due to a historical Portuguese transliteration. The inclusion of the letter y is based on romanization of an obsolete writing of the word, examples of which can also be found in such words as Yebisu, Iyeyasu, and Yedo. Like the spellings of names of people outside Japan, the romanization of yen has become a permanent feature. En literally means "round object" in Japanese, as yuan does in Chinese, referring to the ancient Chinese coins that were circular in shape and widely used in Japan up to the Tokugawa Period.
[edit] History
The yen was introduced by the Meiji government in 1870 as a system resembling those in Europe. The yen replaced the complex monetary system of the Edo period, based on the mon. The New Currency Act of 1871 stipulated the adoption of the decimal accounting system of yen (1, 圓), sen (1⁄100, 錢), and rin (1⁄1000, 厘), with the coins being round and cast as in the West. The yen was legally defined as 0.78 troy ounces (24.26 g) of pure silver, or 1.5 grams of pure gold. The same amount of silver is worth about 1181 today's yen,<ref>xe.com (2006-09-07). Equivalent of 0.78 troy ounce of silver in yen. Retrieved on 2006-09-07.</ref> while the same amount of gold is worth about 3572 yen.<ref>xe.com (2006-09-07). Equivalent of 0.04822612 troy ounce of gold in yen. Retrieved on 2006-09-07.</ref> The Act also moved Japan onto the gold standard. (The sen and the rin were eventually taken out of circulation in 1954.) While not a usage specific to currency, large quantities of yen are often counted in multiples of 10,000 (man, 万) in the same way as values in the United States are often quoted or rounded off to hundreds or thousands.
The yen lost most of its value during and after World War II; after a period of instability, the yen was pegged at 1 US dollar = ¥360 from April 25, 1949, to until 1971 when the Bretton Woods system collapsed and the value of the yen began to float. After the Plaza Accord of 1985, the yen appreciated against the dollar.
[edit] Coins
| Currently Circulating Coins [1] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Value | Technical parameters | Description | Date of first minting | |||||
| Diameter | Thickness | Mass | Composition | Edge | Obverse | Reverse | |||
| Image:1JPY.JPG | ¥1 | 20 mm | 1.2 mm | 1 g | 100% aluminium | Smooth | Young tree, state title, value | Value, year of minting | 1955 |
| Image:5JPY.JPG | ¥5 | 22 mm | 1.5 mm | 3.75 g | 60–70% copper 30–40% zinc | Smooth | Ear of Rice, gear, water, value | State title, year of minting | 1949 |
| Image:10JPY.JPG | ¥10 | 23.5 mm | 1.5 mm | 4.5 g | 95% copper 3–4% zinc 1–2% tin | Smooth | Hōōdō Temple, Byōdō-in, state title, value | Evergreen tree, value, year of minting | 1951 |
| Image:50JPY.JPG | ¥50 | 21 mm | 1.7 mm | 4 g | Cupronickel 75% copper 25% nickel | Milled | Chrysanthemum, state title, value | Value, year of minting | 1967 |
| Image:100JPY.JPG | ¥100 | 22.6 mm | 1.7 mm | 4.8 g | Cherry blossoms, state title, value | 1967 | |||
| ¥500 | 26.5 mm | 2 mm | 7.2 g | Cupronickel 75% copper 25% nickel | Smooth with lettering ("NIPPON ◆ 500 ◆ NIPPON ◆ 500 ◆") | Paulownia, state title, value | Value, bamboo, Mandarin orange, year of minting | 1982 | |
| Image:500JPY.JPG | ¥500 | 7 g | 72% copper 20% zinc 8% nickel | Milled slantingly | Value, bamboo, Mandarin orange, year of minting, latent image [2] | 2000 | |||
| These images are to scale at 2.5 pixels per millimeter, a standard for world coins. For table standards, see the coin specification table. | |||||||||
The 5-yen and 50-yen coins are holed. The date is on the reverse of all coins, and, in most cases, the name 日本国, Nihonkoku (Japan) and the value in kanji is on the obverse, except for the 5-yen where Nihonkoku is on the reverse.
The first 1-yen coin (excluding early silver coins) was a brass coin introduced in 1948, and discontinued in 1950, the first 5-yen coin (excluding early gold coins) in 1948, and originally had no hole. The first 10-yen was introduced in 1951, the first 50-yen in 1955 (with no hole), the first 100-yen in 1957 (originally made out of silver). The 500-yen coin was introduced in 1982. <ref>Japan Mint (2006-09-07). Number of Coin Production (calendar year). Retrieved on 2006-09-07.</ref>
500 yen coins are probably the highest valued coins to be used regularly in the world (with rates in the neighborhood of US$4.77, €3.59, and £2.49). The United States' largest-valued commonly-used coin (25¢) is worth around 26 yen; the Eurozone's largest (€2) is worth ¥279, and the United Kingdom's largest (£2) is worth ¥402 (as of March 2005). The Swiss 5-franc coin is currently (as of May 2006) worth about ¥457. The highest valued bill, the 10,000 yen bill, is worth just a little bit less than the U.S. $100 bill, the highest denomination of currently circulating U.S. currency.
No doubt because of this high face value, the 500 yen has been a favorite target for counterfeiters. It was counterfeited to such an extent that in 2000, the existing 500 yen coins were withdrawn from circulation and a new series issued with various security features. Counterfeiting continues.
On various occasions, commemorative coins are minted using gold and silver with various face values, up to 100,000 yen.<ref>Japan Mint (2006-09-07). Commemorative Coins issued up to now. Retrieved on 2006-09-07.</ref> Even though they can be used, they are treated as collectibles.
Instead of displaying the A.D. year of mintage like most coins, yen coins instead display the year of the current emperor's reign. For example, a coin minted in 2006 would bear the date Heisei 18 (the 18th year of the Heisei Emperor's reign).
[edit] Banknotes
(Names are written in the order of family name - given name, as part of Wikipedia's convention)
[edit] Series A (1946-48)
| Series A (1946-48) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | Dimensions | Description | Date of | |||
| Obverse | Reverse | issue | issue suspension | expiration | ||
| ¥0.05 | 94 x 48 mm | Ume blossoms | Geometric patterns | May 25, 1948 | December 31, 1953 | December 31, 1953 |
| ¥0.1 | 100 x 52 mm | A pigeon | The Diet building | September 5, 1947 | ||
| ¥1 | 124 x 68 mm | Ninomiya Sontoku | Geometric patterns | March 19, 1946 | October 1, 1958 | Valid |
| ¥5 | 132 x 68 mm | Geometric patterns | Geometric patterns | March 5, 1946 | April 1, 1955 | |
| ¥10 | 140 x 76 mm | The Diet building | Geometric patterns | February 25, 1946 | April 1, 1955 | |
| ¥100 | 162 x 93 mm | Prince Shōtoku, "Yumedono" (A hall associated with Prince Shōtoku in Hōryū-ji Temple) | Hōryū-ji Temple | February 25, 1946 | July 5, 1956 | |
| For table standards, see the banknote specification table. | ||||||
Because a law of the abolition of currencies in a small denomination is enforced in 1953, banknotes and coins whose denominations are less than ¥1 are expired on December 31, 1953.
[edit] Series B (1950-53)
| Series B (1950-53) [3] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | Dimensions | Main Color | Description | Date of | ||
| Obverse | Reverse | issue | issue suspension | |||
| ¥50 | 144 x 68 mm | Orange | Takahashi Korekiyo | The old headquarters of Nippon Ginko | December 1, 1951 | October 1, 1958 |
| ¥100 | 148 x 76 mm | Brown-orange | Itagaki Taisuke | The Diet building | December 1, 1953 | August 1, 1974 |
| ¥500 | 156 x 76 mm | Dark blue | Iwakura Tomomi | Mt. Fuji | April 2, 1951 | January 4, 1971 |
| ¥1000 | 164 x 76 mm | Grey | Prince Shōtoku | "Yumedono" | January 7, 1950 | January 4, 1965 |
| For table standards, see the banknote specification table. | ||||||
The series B introduced a new high value banknote ¥1000.
[edit] Series C (1957-69)
| Series C (1957-69) [4] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | Dimensions | Main Color | Description | Date of | ||
| Obverse | Reverse | issue | issue suspension | |||
| ¥500 | 159 x 72 mm | Blue | Iwakura Tomomi | Mt. Fuji | November 1, 1969 | April 1, 1994 |
| ¥1000 | 164 x 76 mm | Yellow-green | Itō Hirobumi | The old headquarters of Nippon Ginko | November 1, 1963 | January 4, 1986 |
| ¥5000 | 169 x 80 mm | Brown | Prince Shōtoku | The old headquarters of Nippon Ginko | October 1, 1957 | January 4, 1986 |
| ¥10000 | 174 x 84 mm | Brown-green | Prince Shōtoku | A pillar painting of Hōō in Byōdōin Temple | December 1, 1958 | January 4, 1986 |
| For table standards, see the banknote specification table. | ||||||
The series C introduced two new high value banknotes ¥5000 and ¥10000.
[edit] Series D (1984)
| Series D (1984) [5] | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Value | Dimensions | Main Color | Description | Date of issue | ||
| Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | ||||
| [6] | [7] | ¥1000 | 150 x 76 mm | Blue | Natsume Sōseki | Pair of Cranes | November 1, 1984 |
| [8] | [9] | ¥5000 | 155 x 76 mm | Orange | Nitobe Inazō | Mt. Fuji, Lake Motosuko and Cherry blossoms | |
| [10] | [11] | ¥10000 | 160 x 76 mm | Brown | Fukuzawa Yukichi | Pair of Pheasants | |
| For table standards, see the banknote specification table. | |||||||
Due to the discovery of a large number of counterfeit Series D banknotes at the end of 2004, all Series D banknotes except ¥2000 were virtually suspended on January 17, 2005 [12]. However, a cabinet ordinance of this suspension has not yet been declared. According to a news release [13] from the National Police Agency, they seized 11,717 counterfeit Series D banknotes (excluding the ¥2000 denomination) in 2005. However, they seized only 486 counterfeit current issue banknotes, namely Series E ¥1000, ¥5000, ¥10000, and Series D ¥2000.
[edit] Commemorative series D (2000, the current issue)
| Commemorative series D (2000) [14] | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Value | Dimensions | Main Color | Description | Date of issue | ||
| Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | ||||
| [15] | [16] | ¥2000 | 154 x 76 mm | Green | Shurei-mon | Scene from the Tale of Genji and portrait of Murasaki Shikibu | July 19, 2000 |
| For table standards, see the banknote specification table. | |||||||
The 2,000 yen note was first issued on July 19, 2000 to commemorate the G8 Economic Summit in Okinawa and the millennium year as well. Pictured on the front of the note is Shureimon, a famous gate in Naha, Okinawa near the site of the summit. These notes are hard to find and many Japanese consider it a novelty as it is the only denomination in the factor of 2 (from 1 and 5). Some say it was a way to stimulate the economy from building new vending machines to be able to process the note, to creating wider cash registers to handle the bill. [citation needed] This hasn't really materialised. Some businesses will refuse this note. To increase the circulation of the notes, some companies started paying wages in these notes.
[edit] Series E (2004, the current issue)
| Series E (2004) [17] | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Image | Value | Dimensions | Main Color | Description | Date of issue | ||
| Obverse | Reverse | Obverse | Reverse | ||||
| [18] | [19] | ¥1000 | 150 x 76 mm | Blue | Hideyo Noguchi | Mt. Fuji, Lake Motosuko and Cherry blossoms | November 1, 2004 |
| [20] | [21] | ¥5000 | 156 x 76 mm | Purple | Higuchi Ichiyō | "Kakitsubata-zu" (Painting of Irises, a work by Ogata Korin) | |
| [22] | [23] | ¥10000 | 160 x 76 mm | Brown | Fukuzawa Yukichi | Statue of hōō (phoenix) from Byōdō-in Temple | |
| For table standards, see the banknote specification table. | |||||||
[edit] Determinants of value
[edit] Economic forces of supply and demand
The relative value of the yen is determined in foreign exchange markets by the economic forces of supply and demand. The supply of the yen in the market is governed by the desire of yen holders to exchange their yen for other currencies to purchase goods, services, or assets. The demand for the yen is governed by the desire of foreigners to buy goods and services in Japan and by their interest in investing in Japan (buying yen-denominated real and financial assets).
[edit] Fixed value of the yen to the dollar
In 1949 the value of the yen was fixed at ¥360 per US$1 through a United States plan, which was part of the Bretton Woods System, to stabilize prices in the Japanese economy. That exchange rate was maintained until 1971, when the United States abandoned the convertibility of the dollar to gold, which had been a key element of the Bretton Woods System, and imposed a 10 percent surcharge on imports, setting in motion changes that eventually led to floating exchange rates in 1973.
[edit] An undervalued yen
By 1971 the yen had become undervalued. Japanese exports were costing too little in international markets, and imports from abroad were costing the Japanese too much. This undervaluation was reflected in the current account balance, which had risen from the deficits of the early 1960s to a then-large surplus of U.S. $5.8 billion in 1971. The belief that the yen, and several other major currencies, were undervalued motivated the United States' actions in 1971.
[edit] The yen and major currencies float
Following the United States' measures to devalue the dollar in the summer of 1971, the Japanese government agreed to a new, fixed exchange rate as part of the Smithsonian Agreement, signed at the end of the year. This agreement set the exchange rate at ¥308 per US$1. However, the new fixed rates of the Smithsonian Agreement were difficult to maintain in the face of supply and demand pressures in the foreign-exchange market. In early 1973, the rates were abandoned, and the major nations of the world allowed their currencies to float.
[edit] Japanese government intervention in the currency market
In the 1970s, Japanese government and business people were very concerned that a rise in the value of the yen would hurt export growth by making Japanese products less competitive and would damage the industrial base. The government therefore continued to intervene heavily in foreign-exchange marketing (buying or selling dollars), even after the 1973 decision to allow the yen to float.
Despite intervention, market pressures caused the yen to continue climbing in value, peaking temporarily at an average of ¥271 per US$1 in 1973 before the impact of the 1973 oil crisis was felt. The increased costs of imported oil caused the yen to depreciate to a range of ¥290 to ¥300 between 1974 and 1976. The re-emergence of trade surpluses drove the yen back up to ¥211 in 1978. This currency strengthening was again reversed by the second oil shock in 1979, with the yen dropping to ¥227 by 1980.
[edit] The yen in the early 1980's
During the first half of the 1980s, the yen failed to rise in value even though current account surpluses returned and grew quickly. From ¥221 in 1981, the average value of the yen actually dropped to ¥239 in 1985. The rise in the current account surplus generated stronger demand for yen in foreign-exchange markets, but this trade-related demand for yen was offset by other factors. A wide differential in interest rates, with United States interest rates much higher than those in Japan, and the continuing moves to deregulate the international flow of capital, led to a large net outflow of capital from Japan. This capital flow increased the supply of yen in foreign-exchange markets, as Japanese investors changed their yen for other currencies (mainly dollars) to invest overseas. This kept the yen weak relative to the dollar and fostered the rapid rise in the Japanese trade surplus that took place in the 1980s.
[edit] The effect of the Plaza Accord
In 1985 a dramatic change began. Finance officials from major nations signed an agreement (the Plaza Accord) affirming that the dollar was overvalued (and, therefore, the yen undervalued). This agreement, and shifting supply and demand pressures in the markets, led to a rapid rise in the value of the yen. From its average of ¥239 per US$1 in 1985, the yen rose to a peak of ¥128 in 1988, virtually doubling its value relative to the dollar. After declining somewhat in 1989 and 1990, it reached a new high of ¥123 to US$1 in December 1992. In April 1995, the yen hit a peak of under 80 yen per dollar, temporarily making Japan's economy nearly the size of the US.
The yen's increased value made Japanese exports less price competitive and imports more price competitive, which should have brought down the value of trade and current account surpluses. The current account figures discussed earlier, however, indicated that such a response was slow. The strong appreciation of the yen began in 1985, but the current account continued to rise until 1987. Its decline in 1988 was rather small, although it experienced a more substantial decline in 1989.
[edit] Historical exchange rate
The table below shows the number of yen per U.S. dollar. (monthly average)
| Year | Month | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
| 1949–71 | 360 | |||||||||||
| 1972 | 308 | |||||||||||
| 1973 | 301.15 | 270.00 | 265.83 | 265.50 | 264.95 | 265.30 | 263.45 | 265.30 | 265.70 | 266.68 | 279.00 | 280.00 |
| 1974 | 299.00 | 287.60 | 276.00 | 279.75 | 281.90 | 284.10 | 297.80 | 302.70 | 298.50 | 299.85 | 300.10 | 300.95 |
| 1975 | 297.85 | 286.60 | 293.80 | 293.30 | 291.35 | 296.35 | 297.35 | 297.90 | 302.70 | 301.80 | 303.00 | 305.15 |
| 1976 | 303.70 | 302.25 | 299.70 | 299.40 | 299.95 | 297.40 | 293.40 | 288.76 | 287.30 | 293.70 | 296.45 | 293.00 |
| 1977 | 288.25 | 283.25 | 277.30 | 277.50 | 277.30 | 266.50 | 266.30 | 267.43 | 264.50 | 250.65 | 244.20 | 240.00 |
| 1978 | 241.74 | 238.83 | 223.40 | 223.90 | 223.15 | 204.50 | 190.80 | 190.00 | 189.15 | 176.05 | 197.80 | 195.10 |
| 1979 | 201.40 | 202.35 | 209.30 | 219.15 | 219.70 | 217.00 | 216.90 | 220.05 | 223.45 | 237.80 | 249.50 | 239.90 |
| 1980 | 238.80 | 249.80 | 249.70 | 238.30 | 224.40 | 218.15 | 226.85 | 219.20 | 212.00 | 211.75 | 216.75 | 203.60 |
| 1981 | 205.20 | 208.85 | 211.40 | 215.00 | 223.50 | 225.75 | 239.75 | 228.75 | 231.55 | 233.35 | 214.15 | 220.25 |
| 1982 | 228.45 | 235.20 | 248.30 | 236.30 | 243.70 | 255.55 | 256.65 | 259.60 | 269.40 | 277.40 | 253.45 | 235.30 |
| 1983 | 238.40 | 235.55 | 239.30 | 237.70 | 238.60 | 239.80 | 241.50 | 246.75 | 236.10 | 233.65 | 234.20 | 232.00 |
| 1984 | 234.74 | 233.28 | 224.75 | 226.30 | 231.63 | 237.45 | 245.45 | 241.70 | 245.40 | 245.30 | 246.50 | 251.58 |
| 1985 | 254.78 | 259.00 | 250.70 | 251.40 | 251.78 | 248.95 | 236.65 | 237.10 | 216.00 | 211.80 | 202.05 | 200.60 |
| 1986 | 192.65 | 180.45 | 179.65 | 168.10 | 172.05 | 163.95 | 154.15 | 156.05 | 153.63 | 161.45 | 162.20 | 160.10 |
| 1987 | 152.30 | 153.15 | 145.65 | 139.65 | 144.15 | 146.75 | 149.25 | 142.35 | 146.35 | 138.55 | 132.45 | 122.00 |
| 1988 | 127.18 | 128.12 | 124.50 | 124.82 | 124.80 | 132.20 | 132.53 | 134.97 | 134.30 | 125.00 | 121.85 | 125.90 |
| 1989 | 129.13 | 127.15 | 132.55 | 132.49 | 142.70 | 143.95 | 138.40 | 144.28 | 139.35 | 142.15 | 142.90 | 143.40 |
| 1990 | 144.40 | 148.52 | 157.65 | 159.08 | 151.75 | 152.85 | 147.50 | 144.50 | 137.95 | 129.35 | 132.75 | 135.40 |
| 1991 | 131.40 | 131.95 | 140.55 | 137.42 | 137.97 | 138.15 | 137.83 | 136.88 | 132.95 | 131.00 | 130.07 | 125.25 |
| 1992 | 125.78 | 129.33 | 133.05 | 133.38 | 128.33 | 125.55 | 127.30 | 123.42 | 119.25 | 123.35 | 124.75 | 124.65 |
| 1993 | 124.30 | 117.85 | 115.35 | 111.10 | 107.45 | 106.51 | 105.60 | 104.18 | 105.10 | 108.23 | 108.82 | 111.89 |
| 1994 | 109.55 | 104.30 | 102.80 | 102.38 | 104.38 | 98.95 | 99.93 | 99.57 | 98.59 | 97.37 | 98.98 | 99.83 |
| 1995 | 98.58 | 96.93 | 88.38 | 83.77 | 83.19 | 84.77 | 88.17 | 97.46 | 98.18 | 101.90 | 101.66 | 102.91 |
| 1996 | 106.92 | 104.58 | 106.49 | 104.29 | 108.37 | 109.88 | 107.13 | 108.40 | 111.45 | 113.27 | 113.44 | 115.98 |
| 1997 | 122.13 | 120.88 | 123.97 | 126.92 | 116.43 | 114.30 | 117.74 | 119.39 | 121.44 | 120.29 | 127.66 | 129.92 |
| 1998 | 127.34 | 126.72 | 133.39 | 131.95 | 138.72 | 139.95 | 143.79 | 141.52 | 135.72 | 116.09 | 123.83 | 115.20 |
| 1999 | 115.98 | 120.32 | 119.99 | 119.59 | 121.37 | 120.87 | 115.27 | 110.19 | 105.66 | 104.89 | 102.42 | 102.08 |
| 2000 | 106.90 | 110.27 | 105.29 | 106.44 | 107.30 | 105.40 | 109.52 | 106.43 | 107.75 | 108.81 | 111.07 | 114.90 |
| 2001 | 116.38 | 116.44 | 125.27 | 124.06 | 119.06 | 124.27 | 124.79 | 118.92 | 119.29 | 121.84 | 123.98 | 131.47 |
| 2002 | 132.94 | 133.89 | 132.71 | 127.97 | 123.96 | 119.22 | 119.82 | 117.97 | 121.79 | 122.48 | 122.44 | 119.37 |
| 2003 | 119.21 | 117.75 | 119.02 | 119.46 | 118.63 | 119.82 | 120.11 | 117.13 | 110.48 | 108.99 | 109.34 | 106.97 |
| 2004 | 105.88 | 109.08 | 103.95 | 110.44 | 109.56 | 108.69 | 111.67 | 109.86 | 110.92 | 105.87 | 103.17 | 103.78 |
| 2005 | 103.58 | 104.58 | 106.97 | 105.87 | 108.17 | 110.37 | 112.18 | 111.42 | 113.28 | 115.67 | 119.46 | 117.48 |
| 2006 | 117.18 | 116.35 | 117.47 | 114.32 | 111.85 | 114.66 | 114.47 | 117.23 | 117.91 | |||
| Source: <ref>Bank of Japan (2006-09-07). Foreign Exchange Rates. Retrieved on 2006-09-07.</ref> | ||||||||||||
| Use Yahoo! Finance: | AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD USD |
| Use XE.com: | AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD USD |
[edit] See also
- Japanese military yen
- Capital flows in Japan
- Monetary and fiscal policy of Japan
- Balance of payments accounts of Japan (1960-90)
[edit] External links
- Japanese currency FAQ in Currency Museum, Bank of Japan
- OSATSU.NET - Japanese yen banknote tracking site, which looks like Where's George?
- (German) Chart: US-Dollar in Yen
- (German) Chart: 100 Yen in Euro
- Banknotes of Japan
- (Japanese) Museum of Bank notes and Coins. (Private site)
[edit] Reference
<references/> This article contains material from the Library of Congress Country Studies, which are United States government publications in the public domain.
| Preceded by: Japanese mon | Currency of Japan 1870 – | Succeeded by: Current |
| Japanese currency |
| Topics: Bank of Japan | Japan Mint | Japanese yen | National Printing Bureau |
| Banknotes: 5s | 10s | 50s | ¥1 | ¥5 |¥10 | ¥50 | ¥100 | ¥500 | ¥1000 |¥2000 | ¥5000 | ¥10,000 |
| Coinage: 1r | 5r | 1s | 5s |10s |50s | ¥1 | ¥5 | ¥10 | ¥50 | ¥100 | ¥500 | |
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