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July 20

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This date in recent years

July 20 is the 201st day (202nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 164 days remaining.

1 Events
2 Births
3 Deaths
4 Holidays and observances
- 4.1 Liturgical Feast days
5 External links

[edit] Events

514 - Pope Hormisdas assumes the papacy of the Roman Catholic Church.
1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold of the war.
1402 - Ottoman-Timurid Wars: Battle of Ankara - Timur, ruler of Timurid Empire, defeated forces of the Ottoman Empire sultan Bayezid I.
1712 - The Riot Act takes effect in Great Britain.
1738 - North America: French explorer Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de la Vérendrye reaches the western shore of Lake Michigan.
1810 - Citizens of Bogotá, New Granada declare independence from Spain.
1833 - An anti-Mormon mob in Independence, Missouri, destroys the printing press for the Book of Commandments, now among the most valuable 19th century books.
1861 - American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States of America begins sitting in Richmond, Virginia.
1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Peachtree Creek - Near Atlanta, Georgia, Confederate forces led by General John Bell Hood unsuccessfully attack Union troops under General William T. Sherman.
1866 - Austro-Prussian War: Battle of Lissa - The Austrian Navy , led by Admiral Wilhelm von Tegetthoff, defeats the Italian Navy near the island of Vis in the Adriatic Sea.
1871 - British Columbia joins the confederation of Canada.
1872 - The US Patent Office awards the first patent for wireless telegraphy to Mahlon Loomis.
1877 - Rioting in Baltimore, Maryland by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers is put down by the state militia, resulting in nine deaths.
1881 - Indian Wars:Sioux Chief Sitting Bull leads the last of his fugitive people in surrender to US troops at Fort Buford, North Dakota
1885 - The Football Association legalises professionalism in football under pressure from the British Football Association.
1903 - Ford Motor Company shipped its first car.
1907 - A train wreck on the Pere Marquette Railroad near Salem, Michigan kills thirty and injures seventy more.
1916 - World War I: In Armenia, Russian troops capture Gumiskhanek.
1917 - World War I: The Corfu Declaration, which leads to the creation of the post-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia, is signed by the Yugoslav Committee and Kingdom of Serbia.
1917 - Alexander Kerensky becomes Prime Minister and President of the Russian provisional government and survives an assassination attempt.
1918 - World War I: German troops cross the Marne.
1921 - Air mail service begins between New York City and San Francisco.
1921 - Congresswoman Alice Mary Robertson became the first woman to preside over the US House of Representatives.
1922 - The League of Nations awards mandates of Togoland to France and Tanganyika to the United Kingdom.
1924 - Teheran, Persia comes under martial law after the American vice consul, Robert Imbrie, is killed by a religious mob enraged by rumors he had poisoned a fountain and killed several people.
1926 - A convention of the Methodist Church votes to allow women to become priests.
1928 - The government of Hungary issues a decree ordering Gypsies to end their nomadic ways, settle permanently in one place, and subject themselves to the same laws and taxes as other Hungarians.
1929 - Soviet troops attempt to cross the Amur River into Manchuria near Blagoveschensk as tensions mount between the Soviet Union and the Republic of China.
1932 - In Washington, D.C., police fire tear gas on World War I veterans part of the Bonus Expeditionary Force who attempt to march to the White House.
1932 - Crowds in the capitals of Bolivia and Paraguay demand their governments declare war on the other after fighting on their border.
1933 - Vice-Chancellor of Germany Franz von Papen and Vatican Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli sign a concordat on behalf of their respective nations.
1933 - In London, 500,000 march against anti-Semitism.
1933 - Germany: Two-hundred Jewish merchants are arrested in Nuremberg and paraded through the streets.
1934 - Labor unrest in the US, as police in Minneapolis fire upon striking truck drivers, wounding fifty; Seattle police led by the mayor police fire tear gas on and club 2,000 striking longshoremen, and the governor of Oregon calls out the National Guard to break a strike on the Portland docks.
1935 - Switzerland: A Royal Dutch Airlines plane en route from Milan to Frankfurt crashes into a Swiss mountain, killing thirteen.
1935 - Riots between Muslims and Sikhs over a mosque in Lahore, India leave eleven dead.
1936 - The Montreux Convention is signed in Switzerland, authorizing Turkey to fortify the Dardanelles and Bosphorus but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime.
1937 - Two black men accused of stabbing a policeman are taken by a mob from the county jail in Tallahassee, Florida and lynched.
1938 - The Justice Department files suit in New York City against the motion picture industry charging violations of anti-trust law. The case would eventually result in a break-up of the industry in 1948.
1940 - Denmark leaves the League of Nations.
1940 - US President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Hatch Act, limiting political activity by Federal government employees.
1941 - Soviet leader Joseph Stalin consolidates the Commissariats of Home Affairs and National Security to form the NKVD and names Lavrenti Beria its chief.
1942 - World War II: Red Army troops take bridgeheads over the Don River near Voronezh.
1942 - World War II: The first unit of the Women's Army Corps begins training in Des Moines, Iowa.
1943 - World War II: American and Canadian troops conquer Enna on Sicily.
1944 - World War II: Adolf Hitler survives an assassination attempt (known as the July 20 Plot) led by German Army Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg.
1944 - World War II: American troops land on Guam near Port Apra.
1944 - Fifty are hurt in rioting in front of the presidential palace in Mexico City.
1945 - The US Congress approves the Bretton Woods Agreement.
1946 - World War II: The US Congress's Pearl Harbor Committee says Franklin D. Roosevelt was completely blameless for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and calls for a unified command structure in the armed forces.
1947 - Police in Burma arrest former Prime Minister U Saw and 19 others on charges of assassinating Prime Minister U Aung San and seven members of his cabinet.
1947 - The Viceroy of India says the people of the Northwest Frontier Province overwhelmingly voted the previous day to join Pakistan rather than India.
1948 - US President Harry S. Truman issues a peacetime military draft in the US amid increasing tensions with the Soviet Union.
1948 - In New York City, twelve leaders of the Communist Party USA are indicted under the Smith Act including William Z. Foster and Gus Hall.
1949 - Israel and Syria sign a truce to end their nineteen-month war.
1950 - Cold War: In Philadelphia, Harry Gold pleads guilty to spying for the Soviet Union by passing secrets from atomic scientist Klaus Fuchs.
1951 - King Abdullah I of Jordan is assassinated while attending Friday prayers in Jerusalem.
1953 - The United Nations Economic and Social Council votes to make UNICEF a permanent agency.
1954 - Germany: Otto John, head of West Germany's secret service, defects to East Germany.
1954 - At Geneva, Switzerland, an armistice is signed that ends fighting in Vietnam and divides the country along the 17th parallel.
1958 - Twenty-six are dead in an explosion at a military base near Kokin Breg, Yugoslavia.
1959 - The Organization for European Economic Cooperation admits Spain.
1960 - Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) elects Sirimavo Bandaranaike Prime Minister, the world's first elected female head of government.
1960 - The Polaris missile is successfully launched from a submarine, the USS George Washington, for the first time.
1960 - Belgium defends its intervention in the Congo to the United Nations Security Council while the government of the Congo appeals to the Soviet Union to send troops to push back the Belgians. The governments of the US and France and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization warn the Soviets to stay out of the dispute.
1960 - The head of the Physics Department at the Israel Institute of Technology, Kurt Sitte, is arrested for espionage.
1961 - French military forces break the Tunisian siege of Bizerte.
1962 - Earthquakes in Colombia kill 40.
1964 - Vietnam War: Viet Cong forces attack the capital of Dinh Tuong Province, Cai Be, killing 11 South Vietnamese military personnel and 40 civilians (30 of which are children).
1965 - In Hayneville, Alabama, two civil rights protesters, one a priest and the other a seminarian, are shot by a deputy sheriff. The seminarian dies of his wounds.
1965 - Turkish prime minister Suat Hayri Urguplu returns from a visit to Moscow and announces the Soviet Union will provide aid to his country.
1969 - Apollo Program: Apollo 11 lands on the Moon.
1969 - Cease fire announced between Honduras and El Salvador, 6 days after the beginning of the "Football War"
1971 - President Richard M. Nixon tells Taiwan the US will continue to sell it arms.
1971 - The Soviet Union says it will support the People's Republic of China's admission to the United Nations
1973 - The US Senate passes the War Powers Act.
1973 - Vietnam War: In testimony by Assistant Secretary of Defense Jerry Friedheim to the US Senate Committee on Armed Services, the US Defense Department admits it lied to US Congress about bombing Cambodia .
1973 - Seventy-three government officials and military officers are charged with conspiracy to overthrow the Greek government.
1973 - Palestianian terrorists hijack a Japan Airlines jet en route from Amsterdam to Japan and force it down in Dubai.
1973 - First coast-to-coast black-owned and operated radio network: The National Black Network (NBN) begins operations.
1974 - Turkish occupation of Cyprus: Forces from Turkey invade Cyprus after a "coup d' etat", organised by the dictator of Greece, against president Makarios . NATO's Council praises the US and the United Kingdom for attempts to settle the dispute. Syria and Egypt put their militaries on alert.
1975 - India expels three reporters from The Times, The Daily Telegraph, and Newsweek because they refused to sign a pledge to abide by government censorship.
1976 - The Viking 1 lander successfully lands on Mars.
1976 - Vietnam War: The US military completes its troop withdrawal from Thailand.
1977 - Johnstown is hit by a flash flood that kills eighty and causes $350 million in damage.
1977 - The Central Intelligence Agency releases documents under the Freedom of Information Act revealing it had engaged in mind control experiments.
1980 - The United Nations Security Council votes 14-0 that member states should not recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.
1982 - Hyde Park and Regents Park bombings: The Provisional IRA detonates two bombs in Hyde Park and Regents Park in central London, killing eight soldiers, wounding forty-seven people, and leading to the deaths of seven horses.
1983 - The Israeli cabinet votes to withdraw troops from Beirut but to remain in southern Lebanon.
1984 - Officials of the Miss America pageant ask Vanessa Lynn Williams to quit after Penthouse published nude photos of her.
1985 - The government of Aruba passes legislation to secede from the Netherlands Antilles.
1986 - In South Africa, police fire tear gas into a church service for families of those held under the government's emergency decrees.
1986 - In Cambridge, Gerald Amirault of the Fell Acres Day School is convicted of molesting nine children.
1987 - President Ronald Reagan appoints Larry Kramer, co-founder of Gay Men's Health Crisis, to a federal panel on AIDS.
1989 - Photographer Robert Mapplethorpe's show opens at Washington, D.C.'s Project for the Arts after the Smithsonian Institution's Corcoran Gallery cancels it.
1989 - Burma's ruling junta puts opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest.
1990 - Haiti asks the US to send observers to monitor its upcoming elections.
1990 - A Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb explodes at the International Stock Exchange in London.
1992 - Václav Havel resigns as president of Czechoslovakia.
1992 - A TU-154 cargo plane crashes in the suburbs of Tbilisi, Georgia, killing forty.
1994 - Israel's Shimon Peres visits Jordan, the highest ranking Israeli official to do so
1994 - Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9's Fragment Q1 hits Jupiter.
1995 - The Regents of the University of California vote to end all affirmative action in the UC system by 1997.
1996 - In Spain, an ETA bomb at an airport kills 35
1998 - Two hundred aid workers from CARE International, Doctors Without Borders and other aid groups leave Afghanistan on orders of the Taliban.
1999 - Falun Gong is officially banned and defined as an "evil cult" (xiejiao) by Chinese government, and a large-scale persecution of its practitioners is launched.
2000 - The leaders of Salt Lake City's bid to win the 2002 Winter Olympics are indicted by a federal grand jury for bribery, fraud, and racketeering.
2000 - In Zimbabwe, Parliament opens its new session and seats opposition members for the first time in a decade.
2000 - Terrorist Carlos the Jackal sues France in the European Court of Human Rights for allegedly torturing him.
2001 - The London Stock Exchange goes public.
2001 - Italy: The 27th Annual G8 summit opens in Genoa. An Italian protester in Genoa, Carlo Giuliani, is shot by police.
2002 - South America: A fire in a discotheque in Lima, Peru kills over twenty-five.
2003 - Richard Sambrook, the Director of BBC News, reveals that David Kelly was the source of claims that Downing Street had "sexed up" the "Dodgy Dossier".
2003 - France: Sixteen people are injured after two bombs explode outside a tax office in Nice.
2005 - Canada becomes the fourth country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage, after the bill C-38 receives its Royal Assent.
2005 - In China's Shaanxi province, a coal mine explosion kills two dozen.

[edit] Births

810 - Imam Bukhari, Muslim scholar and compiler of Hadith (d. 870)
1304 - Francesco Petrarch, Italian poet (d. 1374)
1537 - Arnaud d'Ossat, French diplomat and writer (d. 1604)
1620 - Nikolaes Heinsius, Dutch scholar (d. 1681)
1659 - Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter (d. 1743)
1661 - Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, French founder of the colony of Louisiana (d. 1706)
1673 - John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of Stair, Scottish soldier and diplomat (d. 1747)
1754 - Destutt de Tracy, French philosopher (d. 1836)
1757 - Garsevan Chavchavadze, Georgian diplomat and politician (d. 1811)
1774 - Auguste Marmont, French marshal (d. 1852)
1797 - Sir Paweł Edmund Strzelecki, Polish explorer and geologist (d. 1873)
1822 - Gregor Mendel, father of modern genetics (d. 1884)
1838 - Augustin Daly, American playwright (d. 1899)
1838 - George Otto Trevelyan, British statesman and biographer (d. 1928)
1847 - Max Liebermann, German artist (d. 1935)
1849 - Robert Anderson Van Wyck, Mayor of New York City (d. 1918)
1858 - Ivan Vucetic, Croatian anthropologist (d. 1925)
1864 - Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize in Literature laureate (d. 1931)
1868 - Miron Cristea, 1st Patriarch of All Romania (d. 1939)
1873 - Alberto Santos-Dumont, Brazilian aviator (d. 1932)
1889 - John Reith, British broadcast executive (d. 1971)
1890 - Theda Bara, American actress (d. 1955)
1890 - King George II of Greece (d. 1947)
1895 - László Moholy-Nagy, Hungarian painter, photographer, and sculptor (d. 1946)
1897 - Tadeus Reichstein, Polish-born chemist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (d. 1996)
1901 - Heinie Manush, baseball player (d. 1971)
1902 - Jimmy Kennedy, Irish composer (d. 1984)
1910 - Vilém Tauský, Czech conductor and composer (d. 2004)
1912 - Tom McDermott, American actor (d. 1996)
1918 - Cindy Walker, American singer (d. 2006)
1919 - Sir Edmund Hillary, New Zealand mountain climber
1920 - Elliot Richardson, American politician (d. 1999)
1920 - Dick Lucas, American animator (d. 1997)
1922 - Alan Stephenson Boyd, American politician
1923 - Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist (d. 2005)
1924 - Thomas Berger, American novelist
1924 - Mort Garson, Canadian composer
1925 - Jacques Delors, French President of the European Commission
1925 - Frantz Fanon, West Indian psychiatrist and writer (d. 1961)
1926 - Lola Albright, American actress
1926 - Patricia Cutts, British actress (d. 1974)
1929 - Mike Ilitch, American businessman, sports executive, and philanthropist
1929 - Rajendra Kumar, Indian actor (d. 1999)
1930 - James Kenney, British actor (d. 1982)
1932 - Otto Schily, German politician
1932 - Nam June Paik, Korean-born actress (d. 2006)
1933 - Chuck Daly, American basketball coach
1933 - Nelson Doubleday, American publisher and baseball executive
1933 - Cormac McCarthy, American author
1933 - Rex Williams, English snooker player
1934 - Uwe Johnson, German writer
1934 - Aliki Vougiouklaki, Greek actress
1936 - Barbara Mikulski, U.S. Senator from Maryland
1937 - Ken Ogata, Japanese actor
1938 - Dame Diana Rigg, British actress
1938 - Natalie Wood, American actress (d. 1981)
1938 - Roger Hunt, English footballer
1939 - Judy Chicago, American artist
1940 - Tony Oliva, Cuban-born Major League Baseball player
1941 - Kurt Raab, German actor (d. 1988)
1942 - Pete Hamilton, American race car driver
1943 - Wendy Richard, British actress
1945 - Kim Carnes, American singer and songwriter
1945 - Larry Craig, U.S. Senator from Idaho
1945 - John Lodge, British musician (Moody Blues)
1945 - Bo Rein, Amercan football coach (d. 1980)
1946 - Randal Kleiser, American film director
1947 - Gerd Binnig, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
1947 - Carlos Santana, Mexican guitarist
1948 - Niki Haris, American dancer
1948 - Muse Watson, American actor
1950 - Tantoo Cardinal, Canadian actress
1950 - Naseeruddin Shah, Indian actor
1951 - Jeff Rawle, English actor
1953 - Marcia Hines, American-born Australian singer
1953 - Thomas Friedman, American journalist
1954 - Moira Harris, American actress
1956 - Paul Cook, English musician (The Sex Pistols)
1956 - Donna Dixon, American actress
1959 - Radney Foster, American singer
1963 - Frank Whaley, American actor
1963 - Amir Derakh, American guitarist (Orgy)
1964 - Chris Cornell, American musician
1964 - Dean Winters, American actor
1964 - Terri Irwin, American television personality
1964 - Kool G. Rap, American musician
1966 - Stone Gossard, American musician
1967 - Reed Diamond, American actor
1968 - Michael Park, American actor
1968 - Jimmy Carson, American NHL ice hockey player
1968 - Julian Rhind-Tutt, English actor
1969 - Josh Holloway, American actor
1969 - Giovanni Lombardi, Italian cyclist
1971 - Charles Johnson, baseball player
1971 - Sandra Oh, Korean Canadian actress
1973 - Peter Forsberg, Swedish-born hockey player
1973 - Haakon Magnus, Crown Prince of Norway
1973 - Claudio Reyna, American soccer player
1974 - Simon Rex, American actor
1974 - Bengie Molina, American baseball player
1975 - Erik Hagen, Norwegian footballer
1976 - Alex Yoong, Malaysian racing driver
1976 - Erica Hill, American news anchor
1977 - Kiki Musampa, Congolese footballer
1977 - Alessandro dos Santos, Brazilian-born Japanese footballer
1978 - Tamsyn Lewis, Australian athlete
1978 - Charlie Korsmo, American actor
1978 - Elliott Yamin, American Idol contestant
1980 - Gisele Bundchen, Brazilian model
1980 - Mike Kennerty, American guitarist (The All-American Rejects)
1981 - Thorsten Engelmann, German rower
1985 - John Francis Daley, American actor
1992 - Nicki Prian, American actress
1997 - Billi Bruno, American actress

[edit] Deaths

985 - Pope Boniface VII
1031 - King Robert II of France (b. 972)
1156 - Emperor Toba of Japan (1103)
1160 - Peter Lombard, French theologian
1320 - King Oshin of Armenia (b. 1282)
1351 - Margaretha Ebner, German visionary (b. 1291)
1387 - Robert IV of Artois, Count of Eu (poisoned) (b. 1356)
1398 - Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, heir to the throne of England (b. 1374)
1453 - Enguerrand de Monstrelet, French chronicler
1454 - King John II of Castile (b. 1405)
1524 - Claude of France, wife of Louis XII of France (b. 1499)
1616 - Hugh O'Neill, 3rd Earl of Tyrone, English soldier
1704 - Peregrine White, first English child born in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1620)
1752 - Johann Christoph Pepusch, German composer (b. 1667)
1816 - Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin, Russian poet (b. 1743)
1866 - Bernhard Riemann, German mathematician (b. 1826)
1870 - Jules de Goncourt, French writer (b. 1830)
1897 - Jean Ingelow, English poet (b. 1820)
1901 - William Cosmo Monkhouse, English poet and critic (b. 1840)
1903 - Pope Leo XIII (b. 1810)
1908 - Demetrius Vikelas, Greek International Olympic Committee president (b. 1835)
1922 - Andrey Markov, Russian mathematician (b. 1856)
1923 - Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1878)
1926 - Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinskiy, head of the Soviet secret police (b. 1877)
1927 - King Ferdinand of Romania (b. 1865)
1937 - Guglielmo Marconi, Italian inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (b. 1874)
1941 - Lew Fields, American vaudeville performer (b. 1867)
1944 - Mildred Harris, American actress (b. 1901)
1945 - Paul Valéry, French author and poet (b. 1871)
1951 - King Abdullah I of Jordan (b. 1882)
1951 - Friedrich Wilhelm Hohenzollern, Crown Prince of Germany (b. 1882)
1953 - Dumarsaid Estime, President of Haiti (b. 1900)
1953 - Jan Struther, British author (b. 1901)
1959 - William D. Leahy, American admiral (b. 1875)
1967 - Albert Lutuli, South African civil rights leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
1973 - Bruce Lee, American actor and martial artist (b. 1940)
1982 - Okot p'Bitek, Ugandan poet (b. 1931)
1983 - Frank Reynolds, American television news anchor (b. 1923)
1990 - Herbert Jenkins, Atlanta's longest serving police chief (b. 1907)
1991 - Earl Robinson, American singer and composer (b. 1910)
1993 - Vincent Foster Jr., White House deputy counsel (b. 1945)
1997 - John Akii-Bua, Ugandan hurdler (b. 1949)
1999 - Sandra Gould, American actress (b. 1916)
2000 - Gregory Hill (also known as Malaclypse the Younger,) American writer (b. 1941)
2003 - Nicolas Freeling, English writer (b. 1927)
2004 - Adi Lady Lala Mara, Fiji chieftainess, wife of Kamisese Mara (b. 1931)
2005 - James Doohan, Canadian-born actor (b. 1920)
2005 - Charles Chibitty, World War II Comanche code talker (b. 1921)
2005 - Finn Gustavsen, Norwegian politician (b. 1926)
2005 - Kayo Hatta, American film director (b. 1958)
2005 - Alfred Hayes, British-born wrestling announcer (b. 1928)
2006 - Gérard Oury, French filmmaker (b. 1919)

[edit] Holidays and observances

International chess day
Argentina - Día del Amigo (Friendship Day)
Brazil - Friendship Day
Colombia - Independence Day
Northern Cyprus - Peace and Freedom Day

[edit] Liturgical Feast days

Saint Arbogast, bishop, confessor [Chur, Mainz, Worms]
Saint Aurelius, bishop of Carthage
Saint Barhadbesciabas
Saint Ceslas
Saint Elias, prophet [Hungary, Russia]
Saint Euspicius, confessor [Orléans]
Saint Flavian
Saint John of Pulsano
Saint Jerome Aemeliani
Saint Joseph of Barsabas=Joseph Barsabas, confessor
Saint Marinus, priest, confessor [Auxerre]
Saint Paul of St. Zoilus.
Saint Sabinus
Saint Severinus, bishop, confessor [6082, in red]
Saint Thorlac, bishop, confessor (Translation) [Norway]
Saint Wilgefortis
Saint Wulmar/Ulmar, abbot (of Samer), confessor
Saints Justa and Rufina, martyrs
Saint Margaret of Antioch, virgin, martyr 305 [common; Aquileia, Genf, France (with exceptions), Italy, Scandinavia (except Finland), England]
Saint Margaret the Virgin
Saint Severa, virgin (at Trier) [Trier]
Saint Severa^{2 saints}
Blessed Margareth of Ypres, died 1237

[edit] External links

July 19 - July 21 - June 20 - August 20 -- listing of all days


Months and Days of the Year
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