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Kappa rhythm

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Kappa rhythm (or Kappa waves) are electrical activity sometimes seen on an EEG (electroencephalograph). They are usually seen in the prefrontal leads (Fp1 and Fp2) of an EEG, that is, the leads on the forehead just over the eyes. Sometimes they are seen with mental activity. They are usually in the Theta (4-7 Hz) or Alpha (8-13 Hz) range. They were named because they were believed to originate from the brain. Later study revealed they were generated by rapid fluttering of the eyelids, sometimes so minute that it was difficult to see. They are in fact noise or "artifact" in the EEG reading, and should not technically be called a rhythm or wave. Therefore, the term Kappa rhythm (or wave) is no longer used in electroencephalography. It should be described as eyelid fluttering artifact.

Reference: Introduction to EEG and evoked potentials, Charles M Epstein, 1983 J. B. Lippincott Co.

NOTE: This info should be added to the Electroencephalography article, under artifacts, biological artifacts, EMG.

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