Karl Radek

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Karl Berngardovich Radek (October 31 1885 [O.S. October 19] - May 19, 1939) was a Bolshevik and an international Communist leader.

He was born in then Lemberg (now L'viv in Ukraine, then in Austro-Hungarian ruled Poland), as Karol Sobelsohn, to a Jewish family. He took the name "Radek" from a favourite character in a book (perhaps Syzyfowe prace by Stefan Żeromski). A member of the RSDLP (Russian Social Democratic Labour Party) since 1898, he participated in the 1905 Revolution in Warsaw. He took an anti-war stand during World War I while living in Switzerland and Sweden, supported the Bolsheviks and joined the party in 1917 after the October Revolution. He was in Germany in 1918-20 organising the German Communist movement.

In 1920 Radek returned to Russia and joined Comintern but his influence decreased and he lost his place on the Central Committee in 1924, being expelled from the Party in 1927. However, he was re-admitted in 1930 and helped to write the 1936 Soviet Constitution, but during the Great Purges of the 1930s, he was accused of treason and confessed at the Trial of the Seventeen (1937, also called the Second Moscow Trial). He is thought to have died in prison, in a fight with another prisoner, though some believe he lived on until the 1950s.