Kazan Governorate

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Kazan Governorate (Russian: Каза́нская губе́рния ; Tatar: Qazan gubernası / Казан губернасы ; Chuvash: Хусан кěперниě) used to be one of the Governorates (guberniyas) of Imperial Russia in 1708–1920, with the city of Kazan as its capital.

[edit] History

When created by Peter the Great, it was one of eight original guberniyas of Russia and included the lands of Kazan, Siberian, and Astrakhan Khanates, with addition of some lands from the Nogay Horde. These were the areas historically governed by the Kazan Palace's Prikaz.

In 1717, Astrakhan Governorate was separated from Kazan Governorate; in 1719—Nizhny Novgorod; in 1744—Orenburg; in 1781—Vyatka, Simbirsk, and Ufa Governorates were separated. Under Catherine the Great (1781–1796) Kazan was the center of a namestnichestvo (viceroyalty), with Kazan, Penza, and Saratov Governorates as its integral parts.

Zilant, Coat of arms of Kazan Governorate.

At first the governorate was divided into lots (доли, doli), then into provinces (провинции, provintsii) in 1719, and into uyezds (уезды) in 1775. Prior to 1796, there were Kazan, Kozmodemyansk, Laishev, Mamadysh, Sviyazhsk, Spassk, Tetyushi, Tsaryovokokshaysk, Tsivilsk, Cheboksary, Chistopol, and Yadrin uyezds.

In 1913, the area of the governorate comprised 55.9 square versts, its population was estimated at 2.85 million (38.9% Russians, 31.2% Tatars, 22.8% Chuvash, 5.1% Mari, 1.2% Mordva). There were 7,272 settlements, including 13 towns: Kazan, Arsk, Sviyazhsk, Kozmodemyansk, Laishev, Mamadysh, Spassk, Tetyushi, Tsaryovokokshaysk, Tsivilsk, Cheboksary, Chistopol, Yadrin; and two posads—Mariinsky and Troitsky.

Image:KazanGuberna.jpg

The governorate was finally abolished during the Bolshevik administrative reform (see Idel-Ural State). Thereupon its Eastern part was proclaimed the Tatar ASSR, while the Western part was eventually divided between Chuvashia and Mari El.