Kingdom of Holland

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History of the Low Countries
Bishopric of Liège 985–1790	Burgundian Netherlands			Image:Luxembourg coa after 1348.png Duchy of Luxembourg integrated 1441
	1384/1473–1482
	Habsburg Netherlands 1482–1556
	Spanish Netherlands	Image:Prinsenvlag.svg United Netherlands 1581–1795		1581–1713
	Austrian Netherlands			1713–1790
United States of Belgium				1790
Bishopric of Liège 1790–1795	Austrian Netherlands			1790–1794
Image:Flag of France.svg French Republic		Batavian Republic 1795–1806		1795–1804
French Empire		Kingdom of Holland 1806–1810		1804–1815
Image:Flag of the Netherlands.svg United Kingdom of the Netherlands 1815–1830				Image:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Image:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Kingdom of Belgium since 1830		Kingdom of the Netherlands since 1830		(in personal union with the Netherlands until 1890)
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History of the Netherlands 

The Kingdom of Holland 1806 - 1810 (Dutch: Koninkrijk Holland, French: Royaume de Hollande) was set up by Napoleon Bonaparte as a puppet kingdom for his third brother, Louis Bonaparte, in order to better control the Netherlands. The name of the leading province, Holland, was now taken for the whole country. In 1807 Prussian East Frisia and Russian Jever was added to the kingdom but in 1809, after an English Invasion, Holland had to give over all territories south of the river Rhine to France.

King Louis did not perform to Napoleon's expectations - he tried to serve Dutch interests instead of his brother's - and the kingdom was dissolved in 1810 after which the Netherlands were annexed by France until 1813. The kingdom of Holland covered the area of present day Netherlands, with the exception of Limburg, and parts of Zeeland, which were French territory. East Frisia (in present day Germany) was also part of the Kingdom.[1]

[edit] Coat of Arms

Napoleons brother Louis Bonaparte was installed as King of Holland 5th June 1806. Originally the arms of the new kingdom were to be like those of the Kingdom of Italy [[2]] an eagle bearing a shield – with the arms of the United Netherlands, the lion now royally crowned. December 1806 A. Renodi in Paris designed arms quartering the Napoleonic eagle with the lion of the United Netherlands. Around the shield was the French Order of the ‘Grand Aigle’. Behind the shield are – typically for the Napoleonic heraldry – crossed sceptres and above the shield Napoleons star. 20th of May 1807 King Louis – now called ‘Lodewijk’ - altered these arms, adding a helmet, letting out his brother’s star and replacing the Grand Aigle with his own - Dutch - Order of the Union and the old Dutch devise ‘Eendracht maakt macht’ around the shield. Exemplary for the innovation in Napoleons heraldry are the two hands coming out of clouds from behind the shield holding swords, designating King Louis as ‘Connétable de France’ [[3]].

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da:Kongeriget Holland de:Königreich Holland fr:Royaume de Hollande it:Regno d'Olanda ja:ホラント王国 nl:Koninkrijk Holland pl:Królestwo Holandii simple:Kingdom of Holland sr:Краљевина Холандија fi:Hollannin kuningaskunta