Knismesis and gargalesis

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Knismesis and gargalesis are the scientific terms, coined in 1897 by psychologists G. Stanley Hall and Arthur Allin,<ref>Hall, G. S., and A. Allin. (1897) The psychology of tickling, laughing and the comic. The American Journal of Psychology 9:1–42.</ref> used to describe the two types of tickling.

[edit] Knismesis

Knismesis refers to the light, feather-like type of tickling. This type of tickling generally does not induce laughter and is often accompanied by an itching sensation.<ref name="Harris"> Harris, Christine R. (1999): The mystery of ticklish laughter. American Scientist, July–August v87 i4 p344(8).</ref> The knismesis phenomenon requires low levels of stimulation to sensitive parts of the body, and can be triggered by a light touch or by a light electrical current.<ref>Knismesis And Gargalesis Science Frontiers ONLINE Nov–Dec 1999 No. 126.</ref> Knismesis can also be triggered by crawling insects or parasites, prompting scratching or rubbing at the ticklish spot, thereby removing the pest. It is possible that this function explains why knismesis produces a similar response in many different kinds of animals.<ref name="Harris"/> In a famous example, described in Peter Benchley's Shark!, it is possible to tickle the area just under the snout of a great white shark, putting it into a near-hypnotic trance.<ref>The word knismesis New Scientist, 7 December 2002.</ref>

[edit] Gargalesis

Gargalesis refers to harder, laughter-inducing tickling, and involves the repeated application of high pressure to sensitive areas.<ref name="Harris"/> This "heavy tickle" is often associated with play and laughter. The gargalesis type of tickle works on humans and primates, and possibly on other species.<ref name = "Provine">Provine, R. R. (1996): Laughter. American Scientist 84: pp. 38–45.</ref> Because the nerves involved in transmitting "light" touch and itch differ from those nerves that transmit "heavy" touch, pressure and vibration, it is possible that the difference in sensations produced by the two types of tickle are due to the relative proportion of itch sensation versus touch sensation.<ref name = "Selden">Selden, Samuel T. (2004): Tickle. J Am Acad Dermatol Vol. 50, No. 1: pp. 93–97.</ref>

While it is possible to trigger a knismesis response in oneself, it is usually impossible to produce gargalesthesia, the gargalesis tickle response, in oneself.<ref name="Harris"/>