List of Canadian provinces and territories by population

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This is a list of Canadian provinces and territories by population, as of July 1, 2006.

Canada has ten provinces and three territories. The three territories of Nunavut, Yukon, and Northwest Territories account for over a third of Canada's area but have very few people, which can make the population density column somewhat misleading. The territories have a smaller combined population than the smallest province, Prince Edward Island. Canada's population is concentrated in the areas close to the U.S. border. As a result, most Canadians live in areas with densities higher than the national average of 3.59 persons per square kilometre.

All territories and provinces except for Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan increased in population from 2005 to 2006. In terms of percentage change, the fastest-growing province or territory was Alberta with an increase of 3.0% from 2005 to 2006, followed by Nunavut with 2.7% growth. The fastest-shrinking province or territory was Northwest Territories with a loss of 1.6% from 2005 to 2006, followed by Newfoundland and Labrador with a 0.8% loss. These different rates of change are caused by birth and death rates, as well as interprovincial migration and immigration from outside Canada. As a whole, Canada's population grew by 1.0% from 2005 to 2006. Canada's population has increased every year in the 2002-2006 period.

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Populations are rounded to the nearest 100 persons. Percentage of total national population is given to the nearest tenth of a percent. Land area statistics exclude freshwater area and are current as of 2005. Population density is given to two decimal places in persons per square kilometre.

Rank	Name and flag	Population	Percentage of national pop.	Land area (km²)	Population density
1	Image:Flag of Ontario.svg Ontario	12,687,000	38.9%	917,741	13.82
2	Image:Flag of Quebec.svg Quebec	7,651,500	23.5%	1,365,128	5.60
3	Image:Flag of British Columbia.svg British Columbia	4,310,500	13.2%	925,186	4.66
4	Image:Flag of Alberta.svg Alberta	3,375,800	10.3%	642,317	5.26
5	Image:Flag of Manitoba.svg Manitoba	1,177,800	3.6%	553,556	2.13
6	Image:Flag of Saskatchewan.svg Saskatchewan	985,400	3.1%	591,670	1.67
7	Image:Flag of Nova Scotia.svg Nova Scotia	934,400	2.9%	53,338	18.08
8	Image:Flag of New Brunswick.svg New Brunswick	749,200	2.3%	71,450	10.49
9	Image:Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador.svg Newfoundland and Labrador	509,700	1.6%	373,872	1.36
10	Image:Flag of Prince Edward Island.svg Prince Edward Island	138,500	0.4%	5,660	24.47
11	Image:Flag of the Northwest Territories.svg Northwest Territories	41,900	0.1%	1,183,085	0.04
12	Image:Flag of Yukon.svg Yukon	31,200	0.1%	474,391	0.07
13	Image:Flag of Nunavut.svg Nunavut	30,800	0.1%	1,936,113	0.02
Total	Image:Flag of Canada.svg Canada	32,623,500	100%	9,093,507	3.59