Rulers of Transylvania
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List of rulers of Transylvania, from the first mention of a ruler in the tenth century, until 1867.
[edit] Notes
Between the 11th and 16th century, Transylvania was a largely autonomous Voivodate inside the Kingdom of Hungary. This situation lasted until 1526, when after the Battle of Mohacs, the kingdom ceased its existence, and Transylvania becomes a separate, autonomous Voivodate (Principality) under the Ottomans suzerainty. Like the Wallachian and the Moldavian rulers, the Transylvanian rulers bore the titles of Voivode (Wayvodae in Latin, Vajda in Hungarian, Voievod in Romanian). The title was equivalent with the noble title of Ruling Prince used in Western Europe. The term was preserved until the absorption of Transylvania in the Archduchy of Austria in 1691. The last Voivode of Transylvania was Francis Rákóczi II, which uses the nominal title until 1711. After its inclusion into the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Emperors continued to use the title of “Grand Prince of Transylvania” as part of their official title, but the territory had an appointed governor.
| 1711 - Transylvania becomes part of the Austrian Empire, being declared Principality of Transylvania. The Emperors take the title of “Prince of Transylvania”, while Austrian governors administered the land. | Governors of the Principality of Transylvania: | ||||
| Leopold I | 1691–1705 | Prince of Transylvania | George Bánffy 1691-1708 | ||
| Charles VI | 1711–1740 | Prince of Transylvania | Stephen Haller 1709-1710 Stephen Wesselényi 1710-1713 Sigismund Kornis 1713-1731 Stephen Wesselény 1731-1732 Francisc Anton Wallis 1732-1734 John Haller 1734-1755 | ||
| Maria Theresia | 1740–1765 | Princess of Transylvania. After 1765 Great Princess of Transylvania. | Francisc Venceslav Wallis 1755-1758 Ladislau Kemény 1758-1762 Adolf Buccow 1762-1764 Andrew Hadik 1764-1765 | ||
| 1765 - Transylvania is declared as Grand Principality of Transylvania. The Emperors take the title of “Grand Prince of Transylvania” | Governors of the Grand Principality of Transylvania: | ||||
| Maria Theresia | 1765–1780 | Great Princess of Transylvania | Andrew Hadik 1765-1767 Carol O'Donell 1767-1770 Maria - Iosif Auersperg 1771-1774 Samuel von Brukenthal 1774-1775, 1776-1787 | ||
| Joseph II | 1780–1790 | Great Prince of Transylvania | George Bánffy II 1787-1822 | ||
| Leopold II | 1790–1792 | Great Prince of Transylvania | |||
| Francis II | 1792–1835 | Great Prince of Transylvania | John Jósika 1822-1834 Ferdinand d'Este 1835-1837 | ||
| Ferdinand I | 1835–1848 | Great Prince of Transylvania | John Kornis 1838-1840 Joseph Teleki 1842-1848 | ||
| Franz Joseph I | 1848–1916 | Great Prince of Transylvania | Ludwig Wohlgemuth 1849-1851 Karl B. Schwarzenbeger 1851-1858 Friederich von Lichtenstein 1858-1861 Emeric Mikó 1860-1861 Ludwig Fohot of Crenneville 1861-1867 | ||
| Karl I | 1916–1918 | Great Prince of Transylvania | |||
| 1867 – the Principality of Transylvania is dissolved | |||||
In 1867, the Great Principality of Transylvania is dissolved, and its territory is incorporated into Transleithania part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, following the Ausgleich, though the rulers continuously used the title. Transylvanias territory was part of the Kingdom of Romania between 1918 and 1940, divided between Hungary and the Kingdom of Romania between 1940 and 1945, and is a part of Romania since then.et:Transilvaania valitsejate loend hu:Erdélyi fejedelmek listája pl:Władcy Siedmiogrodu ro:Listă de voievozi ai Transilvaniei fi:Luettelo Transilvanian ruhtinaista sv:Lista över transsylvaniska regenter
