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List of monarchs of Korea

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Image:Korea unified vertical.svgHistory of Korea

Gojoseon, Jin
Proto-Three Kingdoms:
 Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye
 Samhan
Three Kingdoms:
 Goguryeo
  Goguryeo-Sui Wars
 Baekje
 Silla, Gaya
North-South States:
 Unified Silla, Balhae
 Later Three Kingdoms
Goryeo
  Khitan wars
  Mongol invasions
Joseon
 Japanese invasions
 Manchu invasions
 Korean Empire
Japanese Occupation
 Provisional Gov't
Divided Korea
 Korean War
North, South Korea

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Korean dynasties are listed in the order of their fall.

This list includes the monarchs' romanized posthumous or temple names and reign dates. Names are romanized according to the South Korean Revised Romanization of Korean. McCune-Reischauer romanizations may be found at the articles about the individual monarchs.

See also List of legendary monarchs of Korea.

Contents

[edit] Gojoseon

Gojoseon (c.2333 BC - 108 BC) was the first Korean kingdom. It is said to have been founded by Dangun in 2333 BC, although the foundation years are various among the historians.<ref>Cumings (1997, p. 25) only indicates that Gojoseon was among the small peninsular states which emerged "by the fourth century BC." Lee (1984, p. 13) also only mentions Gojoseon as having emerged in the Liao and Taedong valleys by the 4th century. Some, like Kim (1997) do regard "Dangun Joseon" as having possibly existed during the Neolithic period, i.e. before the 13th century BCE; however, by the same token they reject the possibility that Gojoseon can be regarded as a "state" or even "tribal confederation" in the modern sense. Professor Yoon says that the Gojoseon had become an ancient nation at 2333 BCE(Yoon, 2002), which is most recent research</ref>. Bronze age archeological evidence of Gojoseon culture is found in northern Korea and southern Manchuria. By the 4th century BC, various historical and archeological evidence shows Gojoseon was a flourishing state and a self-declared kingdom.

The Annals of the Danguns are recorded in Gyuwon Sahwa (1675), which is described by its author as a collection of nationalistic legends. The Hwandan Gogi, a controversial text whose authenticity is widely questioned, lists different years of reign.

[edit] Pre-Gojoseon

from Gyuwon Sahwa, considered legendary:

  1. Dangun Wanggeom 왕검 (BC 2333-BC 2240)
  2. Buru 부루 (BC 2240-BC 2206)
  3. Gareuk 가륵 (BC 2206-BC 2155)
  4. Osa 오사 (BC 2155-BC 2106)
  5. Gueul 구을 (BC 2106-BC 2071)
  6. Dalmun 달문 (BC 2071-BC 2039)
  7. Hanyul 한율 (BC 2039-BC 2014)
  8. Seohan 서한 (BC 2014-BC 1957)
  9. Asul 아술 (BC 1957-BC 1929)
  10. Noeul 노을 (BC 1929-BC 1906)
  11. Dohae 도해 (BC 1906-BC 1870)
  12. Ahan 아한 (BC 1870-BC 1843)
  13. Heuldal 흘달 (BC 1843-BC 1800)
  14. Gobul 고불 (BC 1800-BC 1771)
  15. Beoreum 벌음 (BC 1771-BC 1738)
  16. Wina 위나 (BC 1738-BC 1720)
  17. Yeoeul 여을 (BC 1720-BC 1657)
  18. Dongeom 동엄 (BC 1657-BC 1637)
  19. Gumoso 구모소 (BC 1637-BC 1612)
  20. Gohol 고홀 (BC 1612-BC 1601)
  21. Sotae 소태 (BC 1601-BC 1568)
  22. Saekbullu 색불루 (BC 1568-BC 1551)
  23. Amul 아물 (BC 1551-BC 1532)
  24. Yeonna 연나 (BC 1532-BC 1519)
  25. Solla 솔나 (BC 1519-BC 1503)
  26. Churo 추로 (BC 1503-BC 1494)
  27. Dumil 두밀 (BC 1494-BC 1449)
  28. Haemo 해모 (BC 1449-BC 1427)
  29. Mahyu 마휴 (BC 1427-BC 1418)
  30. Nahyu 내휴 (BC 1418-BC 1365)
  31. Deungol 등올 (BC 1365-BC 1359)
  32. Chumil 추밀 (BC 1359-BC 1351)
  33. Gammul 감물 (BC 1351-BC 1342)
  34. Orumun 오루문 (BC 1342-BC 1322)
  35. Sabeol 사벌 (BC 1322-BC 1311)
  36. Maereuk 매륵 (BC 1311-BC 1293)
  37. Mamul 마물 (BC 1293-BC 1285)
  38. Damul 다물 (BC 1285-BC 1266)
  39. Duhol 두홀 (BC 1266-BC 1238)
  40. Dareum 달음 (BC 1238-BC 1224)
  41. Eumcha 음차 (BC 1224-BC 1205)
  42. Euruji 을우지 BC 1205-BC 1196)
  43. Mulli 물리 (BC 1196-BC 1181)
  44. Guhol 구홀 (BC 1181-BC 1174)
  45. Yeoru 여루 (BC 1174-BC 1169)
  46. Boeul 보을 (BC 1169-BC 1158)
  47. Goyeolga 고열가 (BC 1158-BC 1128)

[edit] Post-Gojoseon

Dangun Joseon was succeeded by post-Joseon<ref> 김황, Daedong Sagang(대동사강, 大東史綱), 대동사강사, 경성 (1929)</ref>.

  1. King Munseong of Gojoseon, Gija 문성대왕 (r. 1126 BC - 1082 BC)
  2. King Janghye of Gojoseon 장혜왕 (r. 1082 BC - 1057 BC)
  3. King Gyeonghyo of Gojoseon 경효왕 (r. 1057 BC - 1030 BC)
  4. King Gongjeong of Gojoseon 공정왕 (r. 1030 BC - 1000 BC)
  5. King Munmu of Gojoseon 문무왕 (r. 1000 BC - 972 BC)
  6. King Taewon of Gojoseon 태원왕 (r. 972 BC - 968 BC)
  7. King Gyeongchang of Gojoseon 경창왕 (r. 968 BC - 957 BC)
  8. King Heungpyeong of Gojoseon 흥평왕 (r. 957 BC - 943 BC)
  9. King Cheorwi of Gojoseon 철위왕 (r. 943 BC - 925 BC)
  10. King Seonhye of Gojoseon 선혜왕 (r. 925 BC - 896 BC)
  11. King Uiyang of Gojoseon 의양왕 (r. 896 BC - 843 BC)
  12. King Munhye of Gojoseon 문혜왕 (r. 843 BC - 793 BC)
  13. King Seongdeok of Gojoseon 성덕왕 (r. 793 BC - 778 BC)
  14. King Dohoe of Gojoseon 도회왕 (r. 778 BC - 776 BC)
  15. King Munyeol of Gojoseon 문열왕 (r. 776 BC - 761 BC)
  16. King Changguk of Gojoseon 창국왕 (r. 761 BC - 748 BC)
  17. King Museong of Gojoseon 무성왕 (r. 748 BC - 722 BC)
  18. King Jeonggyeong of Gojoseon 정경왕 (r. 722 BC - 703 BC)
  19. King Nakseong of Gojoseon 낙성왕 (r. 722 BC - 703 BC)
  20. King Hyojong of Gojoseon 효종왕 (r. 722 BC - 703 BC)
  21. King Cheonhyo of Gojoseon 천효왕 (r. 658 BC - 634 BC)
  22. King Sudo of Gojoseon 수도왕 (r. 634 BC - 615 BC)
  23. King Hwiyang of Gojoseon 휘양왕 (r. 615 BC - 594 BC)
  24. King Bongil of Gojoseon 봉일왕 (r. 594 BC - 578 BC)
  25. King Deokchang of Gojoseon 덕창왕 (r. 578 BC - 560 BC)
  26. King Suseong of Gojoseon 수성왕 (r. 560 BC - 519 BC)
  27. King Yeonggeol of Gojoseon 영걸왕 (r. 519 BC - 503 BC)
  28. King Ilmin of Gojoseon 일민왕 (r. 503 BC - 486 BC)
  29. King Jese of Gojoseon 제세왕 (r. 486 BC - 465 BC)
  30. King Cheongguk of Gojoseon 청국왕 (r. 465 BC - 432 BC)
  31. King Doguk of Gojoseon 도국왕 (r. 432 BC - 413 BC)
  32. King Hyeokseong of Gojoseon 혁성왕 (r. 413 BC - 385 BC)
  33. King Hwara of Gojoseon 화라왕 (r. 413 BC - 385 BC)
  34. King Seolmun of Gojoseon 설문왕 (r. 369 BC - 361 BC)
  35. King Gyeongsun of Gojoseon 경순왕 (r. 361 BC - 342 BC)
  36. King Gadeok of Gojoseon 가덕왕 (r. 342 BC - 315 BC)
  37. King Samhyo of Gojoseon 삼효왕 (r. 315 BC - 290 BC)
  38. King Hyeonmun of Gojoseon 현문왕 (r. 315 BC - 290 BC)
  39. King Jangpyeong of Gojoseon 장평왕 (r. 251 BC - 232 BC)
  40. King Jongtong of Gojoseon 종통왕 (r. 232 BC - 220 BC)
  41. King Ae of Gojoseon 애왕 (r. 220 BC - 195 BC)

[edit] Wiman line

earliest attested by contemporaneous records:

  1. Wiman of Gojoseon 위만 衛滿 (194 BC? - ?)
  2. Unknown, (? - ?), son of Wiman
  3. Ugeo of Gojoseon 우거왕 右渠王 (? - 108 BC), grandson of Wiman

[edit] Buyeo

Buyeo (c.239 BC - 494 CE) ruled in modern-day Manchuria. The rulers continued to use the titles of Dangun<ref>백산 학회, 고조선 부여사 연구</ref>. Some records refer to Bukbuyeo (North Buyeo) and Dongbuyeo (East Buyeo). It was absorbed into Goguryeo.

  1. Haemosu of Buyeo 해모수 (239 - 195 BCE)
  2. Morisu of Buyeo 모리수 (195 - 170 BCE)
  3. Gohaesa of Buyeo 고해사 (170 - 121 BCE)
  4. Gouru of Buyeo 고우루 (121 - 86 BCE)

[edit] Bukbuyeo

(c.108 BCE–c.58 BCE)

  1. Godumak of Bukbuyeo 고두막 (108 - 60 BCE)
  2. Gomusu of Bukbuyeo 고무수 (60 - 58 BCE)

[edit] Dongbuyeo

(c.86 BCE–22 CE) The rulers of Dongbuyeo submitted to Bukbuyeo in 86 BC, and thus used the title Wang ("King").

  1. Hae Buru of Dongbuyeo 해부루왕 解夫婁王 (86 - 48 BCE)
  2. Geumwa of Dongbuyeo 금와왕 金蛙王 (48 - 7 BCE)
  3. Daeso of Dongbuyeo 대소왕 臺素王 (7 BCE - 22 CE)

[edit] Gaya confederacy

Gaya confederacy (42 - 532) consisted of several small statelets. All rulers of Gaya bore the title Wang ("King").

[edit] Geumgwan Gaya

This list is of the Kim Dynasty of Geumgwan Gaya (42-532).

#Temple nameHangulHanjaPeriod of reign
1Suro of Geumgwan Gaya 수로왕 首露王 (42-199)
2Geodeung of Geumgwan Gaya 거등왕 居登王 (199-259)
3Mapum of Geumgwan Gaya 마품왕 麻品王 (259-291)
4Geojilmi of Geumgwan Gaya 거질미왕 居叱彌王 (291-346)
5Isipum of Geumgwan Gaya 이시품왕 伊尸品王 (346-407)
6Jwaji of Geumgwan Gaya 좌지왕 坐知王 (407-421)
7Chwihui of Geumgwan Gaya 취희왕 吹希王 (421-451)
8Jilji of Geumgwan Gaya 질지왕 銍知王 (451-492)
9Gyeomji of Geumgwan Gaya 겸지왕 鉗知王 (492-521)
10Guhyeong of Geumgwan Gaya 구형왕 仇衡王 (521-532)

[edit] Daegaya

Only four of the sixteen kings of Daegaya (42 - 562) are known by name.

1. King Ijinashi of Daegaya 이진아시왕, also known as Naejinjuji 내진주지 or Noejiljuil 뇌질주일
9. King Inoe of Daegaya 이뇌왕, 8th generation descendant of Yi Jinashi
?. King Haji of Daegaya 하지왕, generation unknown; possibly also known as King Gasil [1]; sent emissary to 南齊 China in 479, joined Baekje to aid Silla from Goguryeo attack in 481 [2] [3]
16. King Doseolji of Daegaya 도설지왕, submitted to Silla

[edit] Baekje

Baekje (18 BC - AD 660) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Temple names were the same as personal names, unless noted otherwise.

#Temple nameHangulHanjaPeriod of reignPersonal nameRelationshipNote
1Onjo 온조대왕 溫祚大王 18 BCE - 29 CE founderson of Goguryeo's founder
2Daru 다루대왕 多婁大王29 - 77 first son of Onjo
3Giru 기루대왕 己婁大王 77 - 128 first son of Daru
4Gaeru 개루대왕 蓋婁大王128 - 166 son of Giru
5Chogo 초고대왕 肖古大王 166 - 214 son of Gaeru also Sogo (소고왕, 素古王)
6Gusu 구수대왕 仇首大王214 - 234 first son of Chogo also Guisu (귀수왕, 貴須王)
7Saban 사반대왕 沙泮大王 234 first son of Gusu also Sai (사이왕, 沙伊王)
8Goi 고이대왕 古爾大王 234 - 286 second son of Gaeru also Gui (구이군, 久爾君)
9Chaekgye 책계대왕 責稽大王286 - 298 son of Goialso Cheonggye (청계왕, 靑稽王)
10Bunseo 분서대왕 汾西大王298 - 304 first son of Chaekgye
11Biryu 비류대왕 比流大王304 - 344 second son of Gusu
12Gye 계대왕 契大王344 - 346 first son of Bunseo
13Geunchogo 근초고대왕 近肖古大王346 - 375 second son of Biryualso Chogo (초고왕, 肖古王) or Sokgo (속고왕, 速古王)
14Geun-gusu 근구수대왕 近仇首大王 375 - 384 son of Geunchogoalso Guisu (귀수왕, 貴首王)
15Chimnyu 침류대왕 枕流大王 384 - 385 first son of Geungusu
16Jinsa 진사대왕 辰斯大王 385 - 392 younger brother of Chimnyualso Buyeohui (부여휘, 扶餘暉)
17Asin 아신대왕 阿莘大王 392 - 405 cousin of Jinsa; first son of Chimnyualso Aha (아화왕, 阿華王)
18Jeonji 전지대왕 腆支大王 405 - 420 first son of Asinalso Jikji (직지왕, 直支王) or Jinji (진지왕, 眞支王)
19Gu-isin 구이신대왕 久爾辛大王 420 - 427 first son of Jeonji
20Biyu 비유대왕 毗有大王 427 - 454 first son of Guisinalso Yeobi (여비, 餘毗)
21Gaero 개로대왕 蓋鹵大王 454 - 475Gyeongsa (경사, 慶司) or Gyeong (경, 慶)first son of Biyu also Yeogyeong (여경, 餘慶)
22Munju 문주대왕 文周大王475 - 477Modo (모도, 牟都) or Do (도, 都)son of Gaero
23Samgeun 삼근대왕 三斤大王 477 - 479Samgeun (삼근, 三斤), Imgeol (임걸, 壬乞) or Samgeol (삼걸, 三乞)first son of Munju also Mun-geun (문근왕, 文斤王)
24Dongseong 동성대왕 東城大王 479 - 501Modae (모대, 牟大) or Mamo (마모, 摩牟)cousin of Samgeum
25Muryeong 무령대왕 武寧大王501 - 523Sama (사마, 斯麻 or 斯摩) or Yung (융, 隆)second son of Dongseongalso Sama (사마왕, 斯麻王), Do (도왕, 嶋王), or Horyeong (호령왕, 虎寧王)
26Seong 성대왕 聖大王523 - 554Myeong (명, 明)son of Muryeongalso Myeong (명왕, 明王) or Seongmyeong (성명왕, 聖明王)
27Wideok 위덕대왕 威德大王 554 - 598Chang (창, 昌)first son of Seongalso Chang (창왕, 昌王)
28Hye 혜대왕 惠大王598 - 599Gye (계, 季)younger brother of Wideokalso Heon (헌왕, 獻王)
29Beop 법대왕 法大王599 - 600Seon (선, 宣) or Hyosun (효순, 孝順)first son of Hye
30Mu 무대왕 武大王600 - 641personal name Jang (장, 璋) or Seodong (서동, 薯童)youngest son of Wideokalso Mugang (무강왕, 武康王) or Mugwang (무광왕,武廣王)
31Uija 의자대왕 義慈大王 641 - 660 first son of Mu

[edit] Goguryeo

Goguryeo (37 BC - 668 CE) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Goguryeo rulers may have used the title of Taewang (太王, "Greatest King"). [1]

# Posthumous name[2] Hangul (Hanja) Personal names [3][4]Period of reign
Legendary line [5]
1Dongmyeongseong 동명성왕 (東明聖王), 동명왕 (東明王) Jumong 주몽 (朱蒙), Chumo 추모 (鄒牟), Sanghae 상해 (象解)37 BCE-19 BCE
2Yurimyeong 유리왕 (琉璃王), 유리명왕 (琉璃明王) Yuri 유리 (琉璃, 類利), Yuryu 유류 (孺留), Nuri 누리 (累利) 19 BCE-18 CE
3 Daemusin 대무신왕 (大武神王), 대해주류왕 (大解朱留王) Muhyul 무휼 (無恤) 18-44
4 Minjung 민중왕 (閔中王) Saekju 색주 (色朱) 44-48
5 Mobon 모본왕 (慕本王) U 우 (憂), Aeru 애루 (愛婁), Mangnae 막래 (莫來) 48-53
Great Imperial line
6 Taejo 태조[대]왕 (太祖[大]王), 국조왕 (國祖王) Gung 궁 (宮), Eosu 어수 (於漱) 53-146
7 Chadae 차대왕 (次大王) Suseong 수성 (遂成) 146-165
8 Sindae 신대왕 (新大王) Baekgo 백고 (伯固), Baekgu 백구 (伯句) 165-179
Hwando-Guknae line
9 Gogukcheon 고국천왕 (故國川王), 국양왕 (國襄王) Nammu 남무 (男武) 179-197
10 Sansang 산상태왕 山上太王 Jeong-u 정우 廷優, Wigung 위궁 位宮 197-227
11 Dongcheon 동천태왕 東川太王, 東襄太王 Uwigeo 우위거 憂位居, Gyoche 교체 郊彘 227-248
12 Jungcheon 중천태왕 中川太王, 中襄太王 Yeonbul 연불 然弗 248-270
13 Seocheon 서천태왕 西川太王, 西襄太王 Yangno 약로 藥盧, Yagu 약우 若友 270-292
14 Bongsang 봉상태왕 烽上太王, 鴙葛太王 Sangbu 상부 相夫, Sapsiru 삽시루 插矢婁 292-300
15 Micheon 미천태왕 美川太王, 好攘太王 Eulbul 을불 乙弗, Ubul 우불 憂拂 300-331
16 Gogugwon 고국원태왕 故國原太王 Sayu 사유 斯由, Yu 유 劉, Soe 쇠 釗 331-371
17 Sosurim 소수림태왕 小獸林太王 Gubu 구부 丘夫 371-384
18 Gogugyang 고국양태왕 故國攘太王 Yiryeon 이련 伊連, Eojiji 어지지 於只支 384-391
19 Gwanggaeto the Great 국강상광개토경평안호태왕 國彊上廣開土境平安好太王 Damdeok 담덕 談德, An 안 安 391-413
Pyongyang line
20 Jangsu 장수호태왕 長壽好太王 Georyeon 거련 巨連, Goryeon 고련 高璉 413-490
21 Munjamyeong 문자명태왕 文咨明太王 Na-un 나운 羅雲, Go-un 고운 高雲 491-519
22 Anjang 안장태왕 安藏太王 Heung-an 흥안 興安, Go-an 고안 高安 519-531
23 Anwon 안원태왕 安原太王 Bojeong 보정 寶廷, Gojeong 고정 高廷 531-545
24 Yangwon 양원태왕 陽原太王, 陽崗上好太王 Pyeongseong 평성 平成 545-559
25 Pyeongwon 평원태왕 平原太王 Yangseong 양성 陽成, Tang 탕 湯, Goyang 고양 高陽 559-590
26 Yeongyang 영양호태왕 嬰陽好太王, 평양태왕 平陽太王 Go Won 고원 高元, Daewon 대원 大元 590-618
27 Yeongnyu 영류태왕 營留太王 Go Geonmu 고건무 高建武, Seong 성 成, Gomu 고무 高武 618-642
28 Bojang 보장태왕 寶藏太王 Go Jang 고장 高藏, Bojang 보장 寶藏 642-668

Notes: [1] Some of Goguryeo's own records of individual kings, especially of the 19th (Gwanggaeto), use the title "Taewang" or "Hotaewang", roughly meaning Greatest King or Very Greatest King. Some argue that the title should be translated as "Emperior," equivalent of the Chinese title 皇帝, but this is not widely accepted. The most complete and oldest existing Korean history text, the Samguk Sagi and the Samguk Yusa, written centuries after Goguryeo was defeated, uses the title "Wang", meaning King.

[2] The king names generally derive from the location of the king's burial, and do not necessarily correspond to the Chinese concept of 諡號.

[3] Goguryeo kings had the surname Go, except for the second (Yuri) through fifth (Mobon), whose surnames are recorded as Hae. All of the kings are recorded to belong to the same patrilineal bloodline. It is not clear whether the two surnames are different transcription of the same name, or evidence of a power struggle.

[4] The Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa, and sometimes other records, mention "other names," "birth names," "childhood names," or "personal names."

[5] The Legendary line names and dates are from the Samguk Sagi. The Wei shu (History of the Wei dynasty) gives the following names: 朱蒙 Jumong (Zhūméng}, 閭達 Lǘdá, 始閭諧 Shǐlǘxié, 如栗 Rúlí, and 莫來 Mòlái. The legendary line had already been formed with some variants in the early 5th century when Emperor Jangsu built a monument for his father and Goguryeo made contacts with the Northern Wei. The inscription of that monument gives these names: 鄒牟 Chumo, 儒留 Yuryu, and 大朱留 Daejuryu. The connection between those names is not clear.

Sources: http://kdaq.empas.com/koreandb/history/koreanking/html/person/koguryeo_king.html (The Academy of Korean Studies) and http://enc.daum.net/dic100//topView.do (Korea Britannica Corp.)

[edit] Silla

Silla (57 BC - 935 CE) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the early years, Silla was ruled by the Pak, Seok, and Kim families. Rulers of Silla had various titles, including Isageum, Maripgan, Taewang, Daewang and Yeowang. Like some Baekje kings, some declared themselves emperor.

  1. Bak Hyeokgeose 박 혁거세 (57 BCE–4 CE)
  2. Namhae Chachaung 남해 차차웅 (4–24)
  3. Yuri Yisageum (24–57) 유리이사금 儒理尼師今 (Kings Yuri to Heurhae bore the Korean title Isageum, an old word for "ruler")
  4. Talhae Isageum 탈해이사금 脫解尼師今 (57–80)
  5. Pasa Isageum 파사이사금 婆娑尼師今 (80–112)
  6. Jima Isageum 지마이사금 祗摩尼師今 (112–134)
  7. Ilseong Isageum 일성이사금 逸聖尼師今 (134–154)
  8. Adalla Isageum 아달라이사금 阿達羅尼師今 (154–184)
  9. Beolhyu Isageum 벌휴이사금 伐休尼師今 (184–196)
  10. Naehae Isageum 내해이사금 奈解尼師今 (196–230)
  11. Jobun Isageum 조분이사금 助賁尼師今 (230–247)
  12. Cheomhae Isageum 첨해이사금 沾解尼師今 (247–261)
  13. Michu Isageum 미추이사금 味鄒尼師今 (262–284)
  14. Yurye Isageum 유례이사금 儒禮尼師今 (284–298)
  15. Girim Isageum 기림이사금 基臨尼師今 (298–310)
  16. Heulhae Isageum 흘해이사금 訖解尼師今 (310–356)
  17. Naemul Maripgan 내물마립간 奈勿麻立干 (356–402) (Kings Naemul to Soji bore the Korean title Maripgan, an old word for "ruler")
  18. Silseong Maripgan 실성마립간 實聖麻立干 (402–417)
  19. Nulji Maripgan 눌지마립간 訥祗麻立干 (417–458)
  20. Jabi Maripgan 자비마립간 慈悲麻立干 (458–479)
  21. Soji Maripgan 소지마립간 炤智麻立干 (479–500)
  22. King Jijeung 지증왕 智證王 (500–514) (Kings Jijeung to Gyeongsun bore the title Wang (the modern Korean word for "king"), with the exceptions noted below)
  23. King Beopheung the Great 법흥태왕 法興太王 (514–540) ("King Beopheung the Great" is a translation of Beopheung Taewang, "Taewang" meaning "great king")
  24. King Jinheung the Great 진흥태왕 眞興太王 (540–576) ("King Jinheung the Great" is a translation of Jinheung Taewang, "Taewang" meaning "great king")
  25. King Jinji 진지대왕 眞智大王 (576–579)
  26. King Jinpyeong 진평대왕 眞平大王 (579–632)
  27. Queen Seondeok 선덕여왕 善德女王 (632–647) (Queens Seondeok and Jindeok bore the title Yeowang, meaning "queen")
  28. Queen Jindeok 진덕여왕 眞德女王 (647–654)
  29. King Muyeol the Great 무열대왕 武烈大王 (654–661) ("King Muyeol the Great" is a translation of Muyeol Daewang, "Daewang" meaning "great king")
  30. King Munmu 문무대왕 文武大王 (661–681)
  31. King Sinmun 신문대왕 神文大王 (681–691)
  32. King Hyoso 효소대왕 孝昭大王 (692–702)
  33. King Seongdeok the Great 성덕대왕 聖德大王 (702–737) ("King Seongdeok the Great" is a translation of Seongdeok Daewang, "Daewang" meaning "great king")
  34. King Hyoseong 효성대왕 孝成大王 (737–742)
  35. King Gyeongdeok 경덕대왕 景德大王 (742–765)
  36. King Hyegong 혜공대왕 惠恭大王 (765–780)
  37. King Seondeok 선덕대왕 宣德大王 (780–785)
  38. King Wonseong 원성대왕 元聖大王 (785–798)
  39. King Soseong 소성대왕 昭聖大王 (798–800)
  40. King Aejang 애장대왕 哀莊大王 (800–809)
  41. King Heondeok 헌덕대왕 憲德大王 (809-826)
  42. King Heungdeok 흥덕대왕 興德大王 (826–836)
  43. King Huigang 희강대왕 僖康大王 (836–838)
  44. King Minae 민애대왕 閔哀大王 (838–839)
  45. King Sinmu 신무대왕 神武大王 (839)
  46. King Munseong 문성대왕 文聖大王 (839–857)
  47. King Heonan 헌안대왕 憲安大王 (857–861)
  48. King Gyeongmun 경문대왕 景文大王 (861–875)
  49. King Heongang 헌강대왕 憲康大王 (875–886)
  50. King Jeonggang 정강대왕 定康大王 (886–887)
  51. Queen Jinseong 진성여왕 眞聖女王 (887–897) (Queen Jinseong bore the Korean title Yeowang, which means "queen")
  52. King Hyogong 효공대왕 孝恭大王 (897–912)
  53. King Sindeok 신덕대왕 神德大王 (913–917)
  54. King Gyeongmyeong 경명대왕 景明大王 (917–924)
  55. King Gyeongae 경애대왕 景哀大王 (924–927)
  56. King Gyeongsun 경순대왕 敬順大王 (927–935)

[edit] Balhae

Balhae (669-926) followed Goguryeo in the northern territories when Silla unified most of the Korean peninsula. The founder called the state Jin, claiming to be the successor to Goguryeo, but it became known as Balhae (Bohai in Chinese) after establishing relations with China.

# Posthumous name (諡號) Hangul/HanjaPersonal name Hangul/HanjaPeriod of reign Era name (年號)
1 Go 고왕 高王 Dae Joyeong 대조영 大祚榮 698-718 Cheontong 천통 天統
2 Mu 무왕 武王 Dae Muye 대무예 大武藝 718-737 Inan 인안 仁安
3 Mun 문왕 文王 Dae Heummu 대흠무 大欽茂 737-793 Daeheung 대흥 大興 (Boryeok 보력 寶曆 774-?)
4 Won-ui (deposed) 원의 元義 Dae Won-ui 대원의 大元義 793-794 none
5 Seong 성왕 成王 Dae Hwa-yeo 대화여 大華與 794 Jungheung 중흥 中興
6 Gang 강왕 康王 Dae Sung-rin 대숭린 大嵩璘 794-808 Jeongryeok 정력 正曆
7 Jeong 정왕 定王 Dae Won-yu 대원유 大元瑜 808-812 Yeongdeok 영덕 永德
8 Hui 희왕 僖王 Dae Eon-ui 대언의 大言義 812-817? Jujak 주작 朱雀
9 Gan 간왕 簡王 Dae Myeongchung 대명충 大明忠 817?-818? Taesi 태시 太始
10 Seon 선왕 宣王 Dae Insu 대인수 大仁秀 818?-830 Geonheung 건흥 建興
11 ? Dae Ijin 대이진 大彝震 830-857 Hamhwa 함화 咸和
12 ? Dae Geonhwang 대건황 大虔晃 857-871 Geonhwang 虔晃 건황
13 Gyeong 경왕 景王 Dae Hyeonseok 대현석 大玄錫 871-895
14 ? Dae Wihae 대위해 大瑋瑎 895-906
15 Ae 애왕 哀王 Dae Inseon 대인선 大諲譔 906-926

[edit] Goryeo

Goryeo (918-1392) was ruled by the Wang Dynasty. The first king had the temple name Taejo, which means "great progenitor", and was applied to the first kings of both Goryeo and Joseon, as they were also the founders of the Wang and Yi Dynasties respectively.

The next twenty-three emperors (until Wonjong) are also referred to by their temple names, ending in jong. Beginning with Chungnyeol (the twenty-fifth king), all the remaining kings of Goryeo had the title Wang ("King") as part of their temple names. Era names are in bracket where available

  1. Emperor Taejo 태조 (918–943)
  2. Emperor Hyejong 혜종 (943–945)
  3. Emperor Jeongjong 정종 (945–949)
  4. Emperor Gwangjong (Junpung) 광종 (949–975)
  5. Emperor Gyeongjong 경종 (975–981)
  6. Emperor Seongjong 성종 (981–997)
  7. Emperor Mokjong 목종 (997–1009)
  8. Emperor Hyeonjong 현종 (1009–1031)
  9. Emperor Deokjong 덕종 (1031–1034)
  10. Emperor Jeongjong 정종 (1034–1046)
  11. Emperor Munjong 문종 (1046–1083)
  12. Emperor Sunjong 순종 (1083)
  13. Emperor Seonjong 선종 (1083–1094)
  14. Emperor Heonjong 헌종 (1094–1095)
  15. Emperor Sukjong 숙종 (1095–1105)
  16. Emperor Yejong 예종 (1105–1122)
  17. Emperor Injong 인종 (1122–1146)
  18. Emperor Uijong 의종 (1146–1170)
  19. Emperor Myeongjong 명종 (1170–1197)
  20. Emperor Sinjong 신종 (1197–1204)
  21. Emperor Huijong 희종 (1204–1211)
  22. Emperor Gangjong 강종 (1211–1213)
  23. Emperor Gojong 고종 (1213–1259)
  24. Emperor Wonjong 원종 (1259–1274)
  25. King Chungnyeol 충렬왕 (1274–1308) (Chungnyeol was the first king of Goryeo to bear the title Wang, which means "King")
  26. King Chungseon 충선왕 (1308–1313)
  27. King Chungsuk 충숙왕 (1313–1330; 1332–1339)
  28. King Chunghye 충혜왕 (1330–1332; 1339–1344)
  29. King Chungmok 충목왕 (1344–1348)
  30. King Chungjeong 충정왕 (1348–1351)
  31. King Gongmin 공민왕 (1351–1374)
  32. King U 우왕 (1374–1388)
  33. King Chang 창왕 (1388–1389)
  34. King Gongyang 공양왕 (1389–1392)

[edit] Joseon

Joseon (1391–1897) followed Goryeo. In 1897, when Joseon became the Korean Empire, some of the Joseon kings were posthumously raised to the rank of emperors.

Joseon monarchs had temple names ending in jo or jong. Jo was given to the first kings/emperors of new lines within the dynasty, with the first king/emperor having the special name (Taejo), which means "great progenitor" (see also Goryeo). Jong was given to all other kings/emperors.

Two kings, Yeonsangun and Gwanghaegun, were not given temple names after their reigns ended.

Each monarch had a posthumous name that included either the title Wang ("King"), Hwangje ("Emperor"), Daewang ("King X the Great"), or Daeje ("Emperor X the Great"). For the sake of consistency, the title "King/Emperor" has been added to each monarch's temple name in the list below.

  1. Emperor Taejo 태조 (1392–1398)
  2. King Jeongjong 정종 (1398–1400)
  3. King Taejong 태종 (1400–1418)
  4. King Sejong the Great 세종 (1418–1450)
  5. King Munjong 문종 (1450–1452)
  6. King Danjong 단종 (1452–1455)
  7. King Sejo 세조 (1455–1468)
  8. King Yejong 예종 (1468–1469)
  9. King Seongjong 성종 (1469–1494)
  10. Yeonsangun 연산군 (1494–1506)
  11. King Jungjong 중종 (1506–1544)
  12. King Injong 인종 (1544–1545)
  13. King Myeongjong 명종 (1545–1567)
  14. King Seonjo 선조 (1567–1608)
  15. Gwanghaegun 광해군 (1608–1623)
  16. King Injo 인조 (1623–1649)
  17. King Hyojong 효종 (1649–1659)
  18. King Hyeonjong 현종 (1659–1674)
  19. King Sukjong 숙종 (1674–1720)
  20. King Gyeongjong 경종 (1720–1724)
  21. King Yeongjo 영조 (1724–1776)
  22. Emperor Jeongjo 정조 (1776–1800)
  23. Emperor Sunjo 순조 (1800–1834)
  24. Emperor Heonjong 헌종 (1834–1849)
  25. Emperor Cheoljong 철종 (1849–1863)
  26. Emperor Gojong 고종 (1863–1907; see #Korean Empire section]])
  27. Emperor Sunjong 순종 (1907–1910)

[edit] Korean Empire

The Korean Empire (1897-1919) was declared to indicate the end of the tributary relationship with China. Technically, the emperors should be referred to by their era names rather than their temple names, but the latter are commonly used.

Temple name Personal name Period of reignEra name/Posthumous name
Gojong 고종 Yi Myeongbok 이명복 1863-1907Gwangmu 광무 光武
Sunjong 순종 Yi Cheok 이척 1907-1910Yunghui 융희 隆熙

[edit] See also

[edit] Notes

<references/>

[edit] References

  • Yoon, N.-H.(윤내현), The Location and Transfer of GO-CHOSUN's Capital(고조선의 도읍 위치와 그 이동), 단군학연구, 7, 207 - 238 (2002)
  • Byeon Tae-seop (변태섭) (1999). 韓國史通論 (Hanguksa tongnon) (Outline of Korean history), 4th ed.. ISBN 89-445-9101-6.
  • Cumings, Bruce (1997). Korea's place in the sun. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-31681-5.
  • Kim, Jung Bae (1997). “Formation of the ethnic Korean nation and the emergence of its ancient kingdom states”, Korean history: Discovery of its characteristics and developments. Seoul: Hollym, 27-36. ISBN 1-56591-177-6.
  • Nahm, Andrew C. (1988). Korea: Tradition and Transformation — A History of the Korean People. Hollym International. ISBN 0-930878-56-6.
  • http://www.rootsinfo.co.kr/index_sub02.html (in Korean only)
  • http://www.rulers.orgde:Liste der Herrscher Koreas

ko:한국의 왕 lt:Pekčės dinastija ja:朝鮮国王の一覧 no:Liste over Koreas herskere ru:Список монархов Кореи zh:朝鲜半岛君主列表

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