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The following tables list men and women described as father or mother of something.<ref>in the sense of a simile, i.e. not literally.</ref> Exceptions are those people described as fathers or mothers of nations; these are listed at Father and Mother of the Nation.

Though someone may be known as a father or mother of something, this does not always mean they invented, discovered or originated the thing with which they are associated. It also does not mean that they always have been or currently are considered a father or mother of it.

Contents:	Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

[edit] A

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard	Danish painting	<ref>"Abildgaard, Nikolaj Abraham," entry in 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, online[1]: "ABILDGAARD, NIKOLAJ ABRAHAM (1744-1800), called 'the Father of Danish Painting,' ... a cold theorist... As a technical painter he attained remarkable success, his tone being very harmonious and even, but the effect, to a foreigner's eye, is rarely interesting. His works are scarcely known out of Copenhagen, where he won an immense fame in his own generation."</ref>
Erik Acharius	lichenology	<ref name=Acharius>"Erik Acharius, the father of lichenology," Department of Cryptogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History. Link. 17 December 1999.</ref>
Al-Khwarizmi	algorithms and algebra	<ref>Gandz and Saloman (1936), The sources of al-Khwarizmi's algebra, Osiris i, p. 263–277: "In a sense, Khwarizmi is more entitled to be called "the father of algebra" than Diophantus because Khwarizmi is the first to teach algebra in an elementary form and for its own sake, Diophantus is primarily concerned with the theory of numbers".</ref>
Archimedes	integral calculus and mathematical physics	<ref>Archimedes Home Page</ref>
Aristotle	scientific methodology	<ref>Mayr, Ernst (1982). The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University. ISBN 0-674-36445-7., p. 25: "Aristotle, unquestionably the father of scientific methodology, gives in his Posterior analytics such a remarkable account of how one ought to go about a scientific explanation that almost up to the nineteenth century, says Laudan in a somewhat extreme statement, 'philosophers of science were still working largely within the confines of the methodological problems discussed by Aristotle and his commentators.'"</ref>
Edwin H. Armstrong	FM radio	<ref>[2]</ref>
Peter Artedi	ichthyology	<ref>Jordan, David Starr (1905). A Guide to the Study of Fishes. Henry Holt and Company., online at [3], p.390: "Far greater than either of these... was he who has been justly called the Father of Ichthyology, Petrus (Peter) Artedi (1705-35)."</ref>
John V. Atanasoff	digital computer	<ref>Bruner, Jeffrey. Atanasoff, father of the computer, dies at 91. Rebuilding the ABC. Ames Laboratory. Retrieved on 2006-07-28.</ref>
Stephen F. Austin	Texas	<ref>Campbell, Randolph B. (2004). Gone to Texas: A History of the Lone Star State. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0-19-513843-0., p.163: "Stephen F. Austin – the 'Father of Texas' – died of pneumonia at the age of forty-three..."</ref>
Cyrus Avery	Route 66	<ref>Steil, Tim (2000). Route 66. MBI Publishing Company. ISBN 0-7603-0747-4., p. 18, "Avery, though dubbed the 'Father of Route 66' by some, was a political appointee who also left office the next year."</ref>

[edit] B

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Charles Babbage	computing	<ref>Lee, J.A.N. (1995). International Biographical Dictionary of Computer Pioneers. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 1-884964-47-8.</ref>
Mikhail Bakunin	anarchism	<ref>Masters, Anthony (1974). Bakunin, the Father of Anarchism. Saturday Review Press. ISBN 0-8415-0295-1.</ref>
Aaron T. Beck	cognitive therapy	<ref>Durand, V. Mark, Jim, David H Barlow (2005). Essentials of Abnormal Psychology. Thomson Wadsworth. ISBN 0-495-03128-3., p. 235: "In developing ways to do this, Beck became the father of cognitive therapy, one of the most important developments in psychotherapy in the last 50 years."</ref>
Dr. William George Beers	lacrosse	<ref> http://www.stxlacrosse.com/theculture/history.cfm</ref> <ref> http://www.hickoksports.com/history/lacrosse.shtml</ref> <ref> http://www.collegesportsscholarships.com/history-lacrosse.htm</ref> <ref> http://www.schoolnet.ca/aboriginal/handbook/arts_lacrosse.html</ref>
Vytautas Beliajus	international folk dance in the United States	<ref> http://www.phantomranch.net/folkdanc/teachers/beliajus_v.htm</ref>
Alexander Graham Bell	the telephone	<ref>Van Meggelen, Jim, Jared Smith, Leif Madsen (2005). Asterisk: The Future of Telephony. O'Reilly. ISBN 0-596-00962-3., p.190: "Although Alexander Graham Bell is most famously remembered as the father of the telephone, the reality is that during the latter half of the 1800s dozens of minds were at work on the project of carrying voice over telegraph lines."</ref>
Edward Bernays	public relations	<ref>Chomsky, Noam, C. P. Otero (2004). Language and Politics. AK Press. ISBN 1-902593-82-0., p. 344-5: "...an explicit ideology was constructed justifying what was called... 'the engineering of consent' (Edward Bernays, founding father of the public relations industry in the United States)"</ref>
Tim Berners-Lee	World Wide Web	<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/01/28/nweb228.xml</ref>
Buddy Bolden	jazz	<ref>Koster, Rick (2002). Louisiana Music: A Journey from R&B to Zydeco, Jazz to Country, Blues to Gospel, Cajun Music. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81003-4., p. 5: "Anyone seriously interested in the history of music will hear many times that Buddy Bolden was the father of jazz, or that Jelly Roll Morton claimed he was the father of jazz (in 1902, in fact)..." See also Theodore August Metz, Jelly Roll Morton</ref>
Nathaniel Bowditch	American geometry	<ref>The Lazzaroni: science and scientists in mid nineteenth-century America</ref>

[edit] C

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Willis Carrier	air conditioning	<ref>http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa081797.htm</ref>
Raymond Carhart	audiology	<ref>Hall, James W. (1999). Handbook of Otoacoustic Emissions. Thomson Delmar Learning. ISBN 1-56593-873-9., p. 2: the Father of Audiology himself, Raymond Carhart at Northwestern University..."</ref><ref>Hall, James W., H. Gustav Mueller (1998). Audiologists Desk Reference: Audiolologic Management, Rehabilitation and Terminology. Thomson Delmar Learning. ISBN 1-56593-711-2., p. 912: "Carhart notch: A decrease in the bone-conduction hearing at the 2000 Hz region of patients with otosclerosis first reported by and therefore named after the father of audiology, Raymond Carhart."</ref>
Vinton Cerf	the Internet	<ref>http://www.ibiblio.org/pioneers/cerf.html</ref><ref>http://www.isoc.org/isoc/general/trustees/cerf.shtml</ref>
Henry Chadwick	baseball	<ref>"Henry Chadwick, Chad, The Father of Base Ball [sic]"; National Baseball Hall of Fame bio,[4]. Not a player, but a journalist and organizer, the Hall of Fame credits him as "inventor of the box score" and "author of the first rule-book."</ref><ref>'Spalding's Baseball Guide and Official League Book for 1889, ed. Henry Chadwick, available freely at Project Gutenberg: "Henry Chadwick, the veteran journalist, upon whom the honored sobriquet of 'Father of Base Ball[sic]' rests so happily and well, appears in portraiture, and so well preserved in his physical manhood that his sixty-three years rest lightly upon his well timed life."</ref><ref>"Matty" at Harvard; The New York Times, February 16, 1909, p. 7: "Charles H. Ebbets, Chairman of the Chadwick Monument Committee, has announced that the contract has been awarded for a suitable monument to be placed on the plot in Greenwood[sic] Cemetery where the remains of the late Henry Chadwick, 'the Father of Baseball,' repose."</ref><ref>Collins, Glen (2004): "Ground as Hallowed as Cooperstown," The New York Times, April 1, 2004. (Article on baseball notables interred in the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn) "Among the nearly 600,000 people buried there are no less than four pioneers who were accorded the title 'Father of Baseball' in the popular press: Henry Chadwick, Duncan Curry, William Tucker and William Wheaton....The memorial for Henry Chadwick bears a 'Father of Base Ball' inscription.... [Duncan] Curry, first president of the Knickerbocker Baseball Club, is immortalized with a monument that proudly dubs him 'Father of Baseball' because he headed the club that scholars say first codified many of the game's rules...."</ref>
Geoffrey Chaucer	English literature	<ref>http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/geoffrey-chaucer.htm</ref>
Alan Cooper	Visual Basic	<ref>Cooper, Alan, Why I am called "the Father of Visual Basic" "Mitchell Waite called me the "father of Visual Basic" in the foreword to what I believe was the first book ever published for VB, called the Visual Basic How-To (now in its second edition, published by The Waite Group Press). I thought the appellation was an appropriate one, and frequently use the quoted phrase as my one-line biography."</ref>
Jonas Chickering	American piano manufacture	<ref>http://www.npg.si.edu/docs/aapexplorers.pdf</ref>
Auguste Comte	sociology	<ref>Auguste Comte, Britannica Student Encyclopedia. Accessed October 5, 2006.</ref>
Marie Curie	nuclear science	<ref>http://www.iaea.org/Resources/Women/famous.html</ref>
Frank W. Cyr	the yellow school bus	<ref>Watson, Rollin J. (2002). The School As a Safe Haven. Bergen Garvey/Greenwood. ISBN 0-89789-900-8. p. 30}}: "The modern school bus began in a conference in 1939 called by Frank W. Cyr, the 'Father of the Yellow School' bus, who was a professor at Teachers College, Columbia University. At that meeting, Cyr urged the standardization of the school bus. Participants came up with the standard yellow color and some basic construction standards. Cyr had... found that children were riding in all sorts of vehicles—one district, he found, was painting their busses red, white, and blue to instill patriotism."</ref>

[edit] D

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Louis Daguerre	photography	<ref>Barger, M. Susan, William B. White (2000). The Daguerreotype: Nineteenth-Century Technology and Modern Science. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6458-5. p. 20, "Louis Jacques Monde Daguerre: The second father of photography is Daguerre..."</ref>
Lee De Forest	radio	<ref>De Forest, Lee (1950). Father of Radio: The Autobiography of Lee de Forest. Chicago: Wilcox & Follett. (This book sold fewer than a thousand copies and is accordingly rare and expensive today).</ref><ref>Dennis, Everette E.., Edward Pease (1994). Radio—The Forgotten Medium. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1-56593-873-9., p. 198: "the egotistical Lee De Forest who discovered, however unwittingly, the audion tube that allowed him to proclaim himself 'the father of radio'"</ref><ref>Shurkin, Joseph (1996). Engines of the Mind: The Evolution of the Computer from the Mainframes to Microprocessors. W. W. Norton and Company. ISBN 0-393-31471-5., p. 132: "De Forest, who was not a modest man, called himself the 'Father of Radio,' an epithet whose accuracy is debatable."</ref>
Richard Dorson	American folklore	<ref name="Nichols">Nichols, Amber M. Richard M. Dorson. Minnesota State University, Mankato eMuseum. URL accessed April 21 2006.</ref>

[edit] E

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Dwight D. Eisenhower	the American Interstate Highway System	<ref name="U.S. Dept. of Transportation.">Federal Highway Administration [5]. URL accessed July 21 2006.</ref>
William Phelps Eno	traffic safety	<ref name="Eno Transportation Foundation">Eno Transportation Foundation [6]. URL accessed August 23 2006.</ref>
Euclid	geometry	<ref>[7]. "The long lasting nature of The Elements must make Euclid the leading mathematics teacher of all time. For his work in the field, he is known as the father of geometry and is considered one of the great Greek mathematicians."</ref>
Jan van Eyck	oil painting	<ref>[8]. "that van Eyck -- "the father of oil painting" -- exploited the new medium and his own patient talent to paint Arnolfini by traditional methods."</ref>

[edit] F

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Philo Farnsworth	television	<ref>Godfrey, Donald G. (2001). Philo T. Farnsworth: The Father of Television. University of Utah Press. ISBN 0-87480-675-5.</ref>
Pierre Fauchard	modern dentistry	<ref>de Vaux, Jean Claude. The Pierre Fauchard Academy (English). Retrieved on 2006/7/22, 2006. Retrieved on July 22, 2006.</ref>
Reginald Fessenden	radiotelephony	<ref>McLuhan, Marshall, Barrington Nevitt (1972). Take Today; the Executive as Dropout. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN 0-15-187830-7. "Fessenden, the Forgotten Father of 'Wireless' Telephony" (section heading)[9]</ref><ref>Zuill, William S. (2001): The Forgotten Father of Radio", American Heritage of Science and Technology, 17(1)40-47, as cited in Silverman, Steve (2003). Lindbergh's Artificial Heart: More Fascinating True Stories From Einstein's Refrigerator. Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN 0-7407-3340-0. p. 160</ref>
Ronald Fisher	modern statistics	<ref>Careers in Statistics.</ref>
Sigmund Freud	psychoanalysis	<ref>[10]</ref>

[edit] G

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Hugo Gernsback	science fiction magazine	<ref>Siegel, Mark Richard (1988). Hugo Gernsback, Father of Modern Science Fiction: With Essays on Frank Herbert and Bram Stoker. Borgo Pr. ISBN 0-89370-174-2.</ref>
Robert H. Goddard	astronautics	<ref>[11]</ref>

[edit] H

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
John Harrison	the chronometer	<ref>[12]</ref>
Joseph Haydn<ref>Also known as "Papa Haydn".</ref>	the symphony and the string quartet	<ref>Larsen, Jens Peter, Georg Fede (1950). The New Grove Haydn. W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-30359-4. p.79: "For years, the name 'Papa Haydn' has characterized the composer."</ref><ref>Schonberg, Harold C. (1997). The Lives of the Great Composers by Schonberg, Harold C. W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-03857-2. p.83: "It is not for nothing that he is called the Father of the Symphony. With equal justice he could be called the Father of the String Quartet, or the Father of Sonata Form."</ref><ref>''The Pianoforte Sonata: Its Origin and Development," by J. S. Shedlock, B. A." (1895; Methuen and Company, London), available freely at Project Gutenberg "Haydn, for example, is called the father of the quartet; close investigation, however, would show that he was only a link, and certainly not the first one in a long evolution."</ref>
Herodotus	history	<ref>Cicero, De legibus I,5.</ref>
Theodor Herzl	Zionism	<ref>Binyamin Ze-ev (Theodor) Herzl - Father of Zionism</ref>
Earl "Fatha" Hines	modern jazz piano	<ref>Pareles, Jon (1983): "Earl Hines Dead; Top Jazz Pianist—Redefined the Style in the 1920s Working with Armstrong—Later Led Major Band", The New York Times, April 23, 1983, p.10: "Earl (Fatha) Hines, the father of modern jazz piano, died yesterday in Oakland, Calif. after a heart attack."</ref>
Hipparchus	trigonometry	<ref>Dalvi, Dinanath Atmaran (1879): Aryan Trigonometry. The Theosophist, H. P. Blavatsky, editor, 1(1), October, 1879, Theosophical University Press Online Edition [13]: "Western mathematicians call Hipparchus, the Nicaean, the father of trigonometry, although they confessedly know nothing whatever about him beyond what they find in the works of his disciple Ptolemy. But Hipparchus is assigned to the 2nd century B. C., and we have the best reason in the world for knowing that trigonometry was known to the ancient Hindus, like many another science claimed by ignorant Western writers for Egypt, Greece, or Rome. These pretended authorities suggest that Hipparchus "probably employed mechanical contrivances for the construction of solid angles" (Art. Mathematics, New Am. Cyc. XI., 283)..."</ref>
Hippocrates	modern medicine	<ref name=Hippocrates>Hippocrates, Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2006. Microsoft Corporation.</ref>
Homer	the modern novel	<ref name>Homer [700 B.C.] (1999). The Odyssey: The Story of Odysseus. Signet Classic. ISBN 0-451-52736-4. p. 1, introduction says T. E. Lawrence and W. H. D. Rouse (the translator) "found him the father of the modern novel." </ref>
G. Evelyn Hutchinson	modern limnology	<ref> G. Evelyn Hutchinson a.k.a. Father of modern limnology and the modern Darwin (1903-1991)</ref>
James Hutton	modern geology	<ref> University of Edinburgh: "James Hutton, who was born in June 1726, is considered to be the father of modern geology."</ref>
Maulvi Abdul Haq	Urdu	<ref>[14]: "(Baba-e-Urdu) Maulvi Abdul Haq"</ref>

[edit] I

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Art Ingels	karting	<ref>http://www.vintagekarts.com/ingels.htm</ref>

[edit] J

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
John Paul Jones	United States Navy

[edit] K

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Søren Kierkegaard	existentialism	<ref>Bretall, Robert Ed. "A Kierkegaard Anthology". Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1973. p. xviii.</ref>
Jack Kilby	Integrated circuit	<ref>http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/kilbyctr/jackstclair.shtml "Jack St. Clair Kilby", biography by Texas Instruments.</ref>

[edit] L

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Jack LaLanne	fitness	<ref>Father of fitness, Jack La Lanne, turns 90, MSNBC, September 24, 2004. "He continues to live by his motto, 'I can't die, it would ruin my image!'"</ref>
Antoine Lavoisier	modern chemistry	<ref> http://www.timelineindex.com/content/view/1151</ref>
Ivy Lee	public relations	<ref>Heath (ed)., Robert L. (2004). Handbook Of Public Relations. Sage Publications, Inc.. ISBN 1-4129-0954-6., p. 391: "Ivy Lee, considered the father of public relations..."</ref>
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek	microbiology	<ref>bbc.co.uk "As well as being the father of microbiology, van Leeuwenhoek laid the foundations of plant anatomy and became an expert on animal reproduction."</ref>
Justus von Liebig	modern nutrition	<ref>Black, Rebecca. The Support of Breastfeeding: Module 1. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 0-7637-0208-0., p.9: "Justus Von Liebig, the 'father of modern nutrition', developed the perfect infant food. It consisted of wheat flour, cow's milk, malt flour and bicarbonate of potash."</ref>
Carolus Linnaeus	taxonomy	<ref>Mayr, Ernst (1982). The Growth of Biological Thought:Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-36445-7., p.171: "No other naturalist has had as great a fame in his own lifetime as Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778), sometimes called the 'father of taxonomy.'"</ref>
Martin Luther	Protestantism (Lutheranism)	<ref>Losch, Richard R. (2002). The Many Faces of Faith: A Guide to World Religions and Christian Traditions. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 0-8028-0521-3., p. 93: "Martin Luther (1483-1546) is generally identified as the father of Protestantism. While he was not the first to confront the authority of the Roman Catholic Church, it was he who crystallized the growing unrest and began what is known as the Protestant Reformation."</ref>

[edit] M

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Bernarr Macfadden	physical culture	<ref>Oursler, Fulton, Will Oursler (1949). Father Flanagan of Boys Town. Doubleday., p.270: "It delighted the heart of our old friend Bernarr Macfadden, 'the Father of Physical Culture,' when we told him how much athletic activity and good sportsmanship had to do with the rehabilitation of boys."</ref>
Harry Markowitz	Modern Portfolio Theory	<ref>Harry Markowitz, "the father of Modern Portfolio Theory," To Highlight Investment Consultants Conference</ref>
Abram Poindexter Maury Sr.	Franklin, Tennessee	<ref>http://www.tngenweb.org/tnletters/will-1-2.htm</ref>
Gregor Mendel	Genetics
Matthew Fontaine Maury	modern naval oceanography and meteorology	<ref name=Maury>Lewis, Charles Lee, associate professor of the United States Naval Academy: Pathfinder of the Seas (book).</ref>
Theodore August Metz	jazz	<ref>"Theatrical Notes," The New York Times, April 26, 1932, p.25: "Theodore August Metz, who is often called the father of jazz and is the composer of the song 'There'll Be A Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight,' is scheduled to attend a reception backstage at Loew's State Theatre...'" See also Buddy Bolden, Jelly Roll Morton.</ref>
Bill Monroe	Bluegrass music	<ref> [15] Country Music Hall of Fame article on Monroe. </ref>
Dick Morley	programmable logic controller	<ref>PDF http://www.ccontrols.com/pdf/Extv4n2.pdf</ref>
Jedidiah Morse	American geography	Rare Books: Ben A. & Sylvia S. Smith American Geography & Social Studies Education Collection http://www.lib.ksu.edu/depts/spec/rarebooks/geography/1800.html]</ref><ref>|The First Gazetteer http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/firsts/gazetteer/</ref>
Jelly Roll Morton	jazz	<ref>Groppa, Carlos C. (2002). The Tango in the United States: A History. McFarland and Compay. ISBN 0-7864-1406-5., p.62: "Morton, a pool shark, composer, piano player and part-time pimp, called by many the Father of Jazz...". See also Buddy Bolden, Theodore August Metz.</ref>
Muhammad	Islam	<ref>See "Muhammad (prophet)" at Microsoft® Encarta® Online</ref>
Angel Munoz	e-sports	<ref>Angel Munoz, CPL Founder and President</ref>

[edit] N

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Thomas Nast	the American political cartoon	<ref>The Thomas Nast Society</ref>
Nicéphore Niépce	photography	<ref>Barger, M. Susan, William B. White (2000). The Daguerreotype: Nineteenth-Century Technology and Modern Science. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6458-5. p. 17, "The first father of photography was Nicéphore Niépce...."</ref>

[edit] O

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Hermann Oberth	astronautics	<ref>[16]</ref>
Robert Oppenheimer	the atomic bomb	<ref>http://history1900s.about.com/cs/robertoppenheimer/p/oppenheimer.htm</ref>

[edit] P

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Frank Pantridge	emergency medicine	<ref>UK Daily Telegraph obituary 12/29/2004.</ref>
Petrarch	humanism	<ref>Petrarch</ref><ref>Rereading the Renaissance: Petrarch, Augustine, and the Language of Humanism </ref>
Paracelsus	toxicology	<ref>[17] </ref>

[edit] Q

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s

[edit] R

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Ma Rainey	the blues	<ref>Lieb, Sandra R. (1983). Mother of the Blues. University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 0-8050-7459-7., p. 10, "Years later, as a Paramount recording star, Ma Rainey would be touted as 'the Mother of the Blues,' a title no doubt dreamed up by some press agent, but generally true in historical terms."</ref>
Hyman G. Rickover	the "atomic" submarine and "nuclear navy"	<ref>Jeffries, John (2001). Justice Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Fordham Univ Press. ISBN 0-8232-2110-5., p.162: "'Admiral Rickover', said Powell, '"father of the atomic submarine", is a a great naval officer... It is not equally clear that he is a careful and thorough student of American education.'"</ref> <ref>"Submarine Range Called Unlimited; Rickover Says Atomic Craft Can Cruise Under Ice To North Pole and Beyond," The New York Times, December 6, 1957, p.33: "The admiral, who is often called the 'Father of the Atomic Submarine'..."</ref> <ref>Galantin, I. J. (1997). Submarine Admiral: From Battlewagons to Ballistic Missiles. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06675-8.,p. 217: "Chet Holifield... member of the JCAE... said 'Of all the men I dealt with in public service, at least one will go down in history: Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, the father of the nuclear Navy.'"</ref>
Charles S. Roberts	wargaming	<ref>"Charles S. Roberts: The Founding Father"</ref>
Ernest Rutherford	nuclear physics	<ref>Pasachoff, Naomi (2005). Ernest Rutherford: Father Of Nuclear Science (Great Minds of Science). ISBN 0-7660-2441-5.</ref>

[edit] S

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Italo Santelli	modern sabre fencing	<ref>Santelli bio including several references backing up the statement, including a quote from Dr. William Gaugler Dec. 1997: "I am, in fact, only two generations removed from the 'father of modern sabre' [referring to Santelli]".</ref>
Thomas Say	entomology in North America	<ref>Schuh (1995). {{{title}}}. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-2066-0., p. 11</ref>
Hubertus Strughold	space medicine	<ref>Lee, Martin A., Bruce Shlain (1986). Acid Dreams: The Complete Social History of LSD: The CIA, the Sixties, and Beyond. Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-3062-3., p.6: "After Wernher von Braun, he was the top Nazi scientist employed by the American government, and he was subsequently hailed by NASA as the 'father of space medicine'". See also Harry Armstrong.</ref>
Leó Szilárd	the atomic bomb	<ref> Bernstein, Barton J: "Introduction" to The Voice of the Dolphins and Other Stories (expanded edition), by Leo Szilard. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992, p.5: "Its author, Leo Szilard, now dead nearly three decades, was a Hunganian émigré scientist and one of many putative fathers of the A-bomb."</ref>

[edit] T

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
William Henry Fox Talbot	photography	<ref>Ellis, Roger (2001). Who's Who in Victorian Britain. Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-1640-6., p. 116: cites book title: "A. H. Booth: William Henry Fox Talbot: father of photography, 1965".</ref>
Edward Teller	the hydrogen bomb	<ref>"'Father of H-Bomb' Agrees to Rally Scientific Talent." The New York Times, December 31, 1965, p.19. Story opens: "Albany, Dec. 30—Governor Rockefeller will make an intensified attack on air pollution with the help of Dr. Edward Teller, the 'father of the hydrogen bomb.'"</ref>
LaMarcus Adna Thompson	"gravity" (the rollercoaster)	<ref>Lindsay, David: "Terror Bound", American Heritage 49(5), September, 1998 [18] "Thompson was an unlikely candidate for the title show people bestowed on him: the father of gravity..."</ref>
J. R. R. Tolkien	modern fantasy literature	<ref>Mitchell, Christopher. J. R. R. Tolkien: Father of Modern Fantasy Literature (Google Video). "Let There Be Light" series. University of California Television. Retrieved on 2006-07-20.</ref>
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky	astronautics	<ref>[19]</ref>
Alan Turing	Computer Science	<ref>http://www.btinternet.com/~glynhughes/sculpture/turing.htm</ref>
Julia Tuttle	Miami, Florida	<ref>Britannica Concise Encyclopedia [20]</ref>

[edit] U

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s

[edit] V

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s

[edit] W

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Alice Waters	California cuisine	<ref>"Food joins academic menu in Berkeley school district credits, not calories -- Chez Panisse founder cooks up new 'core curriculum'", San Francisco Chronicle, 29th August 2004 [21] "But this is Alice Waters, food visionary. The mother of California cuisine..."</ref>
Muddy Waters	Chicago blues	<ref>"McKinley Morganfield a/k/a “Muddy Waters” was the 'Father of Chicago Blues'", [22]</ref>
John B. Watson	Behaviorism	<ref>Wozniak, R. H. (1997). "Behaviorism," In Bringmann, W.G., Luck, H.E., Miller, R., & Early, C.E. (Eds.). A Pictorial History of Psychology. Chicago: Quintessence. "To later generations of psychologists... Watson would become known as the 'father of behaviorism'."</ref>
Thomas Wedgwood	photography	<ref>Booth, Martin (1999). Opium: A History. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-20667-4. p. 30 "Robert Hall, the divine, was addicted [to opium], as was Thomas Wedgwood, the father of photography."</ref>
John Wesley	Methodism	<ref>General Board of Discipleship of the United Methodist Church, A List of Books and Other Resources About John Wesley [23], "John Wesley, the Father of Methodism..."</ref>
Frank Whittle	the jet engine	<ref>[24]</ref><ref>[25]</ref>
Norbert Wiener	cybernetics	<ref>Belzer, Belzer (1977). Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology: Volume 7 - Curve Fitting to Early Development.... Marcel Dekker. ISBN 0-262-73009-X., p. 55: "It is probably not an accident that the 'father of cybernetics,' Norbert Wiener, ..."</ref><ref>Wiener, Norbert [1948] (1965). Cybernetics, Second Edition: or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. MIT Press. ISBN 0-8247-2257-4. (Wiener is credited with coining the term in its common modern usage)</ref>
Steve Wozniak	the personal computer	<ref>[26]</ref>
Wilhelm Wundt	modern psychology	<ref>[27]</ref>

[edit] X

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s

[edit] Y

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s
Yaval (Jabal)	"tent dwellers and herders"	<ref>Genesis 4:20 : "Adah gave birth to Jabal; he was the father of those who live in tents and raise livestock." (NIV Study Bible)</ref>
Yubal (Jubal)	"harp and flute players"	<ref>Genesis 4:21 : "His brother's name was Jubal; he was the father of all who play the harp and flute." (NIV Study Bible)</ref>
Muhammad Yunus	microcredit	<ref>http://www.grameen-info.org/dialogue/Dialogue60/indiaFocus.htm</ref>
Mike Yurosek	the baby carrot	<ref>http://www.usatoday.com/life/lifestyle/2004-08-11-baby-carrot_x.htm</ref>

[edit] Z

Name	"Father / Mother of ..."	Source/s

[edit] See also

• Fathers of the Church
• Father of medicare
• Father of the Nation
• Founding Fathers
• Mother of the Nation

[edit] Footnotes

nl:Lijst van mensen die bekendstaan als de vader of moeder van iets