List of state leaders

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of state leaders, showing heads of state and heads of government where different, mainly in parliamentary systems; it should be noted that often a leader is both in presidential systems or dictatorships. Some states have semi-presidential systems where the head of government role is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and the head of state.

1 List of state leaders
2 Notes
3 See also
4 External links

[edit] List of state leaders

State	Government	Head of state	Head of government
Image:Flag of Afghanistan.svg Afghanistan	presidential republic	President Hamid Karzai
Image:Flag of Albania.svg Albania	parliamentary republic	President Alfred Moisiu	Prime Minister Sali Berisha
Image:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria	semi-presidential republic	President Abdelaziz Bouteflika	Prime Minister Abdelaziz Belkhadem
Image:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra	parliamentary monarchy	Co-Princes Joan Enric Vives Sicília (represented by Nemesi Marqués Oste) and Jacques Chirac (represented by Philippe Massoni)	Head of Government Albert Pintat
Image:Flag of Angola.svg Angola	presidential republic	President José Eduardo dos Santos
Image:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda	parliamentary monarchy¹	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir James Carlisle	Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer
Image:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina	presidential republic	President Néstor Kirchner
Image:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia	presidential republic	President Robert Kocharian	Prime Minister Andranik Markaryan
Image:Flag of Australia.svg Australia	parliamentary monarchy¹	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Michael Jeffery	Prime Minister John Howard
Image:Flag of Austria.svg Austria	parliamentary republic	President Heinz Fischer	Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel
Image:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan	presidential republic	President İlham Aliyev	Prime Minister Artur Rasizade
Image:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas, The	parliamentary monarchy¹	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Arthur Dion Hanna	Prime Minister Perry Christie
Image:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain	semi-constitutional monarchy	King Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa	Prime Minister Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa
Image:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh	parliamentary republic	President Iajuddin Ahmed	Prime Minister Iajuddin Ahmed
Image:Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados	parliamentary monarchy¹	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Clifford Husbands	Prime Minister Owen Arthur
Image:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus	presidential republic	President Aleksandr Lukashenko	Prime Minister Sergey Sidorsky
Image:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium	parliamentary monarchy	King Albert II	Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt
Image:Flag of Belize.svg Belize	parliamentary monarchy¹	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Colville Young	Prime Minister Said Musa
Image:Flag of Benin.svg Benin	presidential republic	President Yayi Boni
Image:Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan	absolute monarchy	Dragon King Jigme Singye Wangchuck	Prime Minister Lyonpo Khandu Wangchuk
Image:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia	presidential republic	President Evo Morales
Image:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina	federal parliamentary representative democratic republic	Tripartite presidency³: Chairmen of the Presidency Nebojša Radmanović, Haris Silajdžić, Željko Komšić	Prime Minister Adnan Terzić
Image:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana	presidential republic	President Festus Mogae
Image:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil	presidential republic	President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Image:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei	absolute monarchy	Sultan and Prime Minister Sir Hassanal Bolkiah
Image:Flag of Bulgaria (bordered).svg Bulgaria	parliamentary republic	President Georgi Parvanov	Prime Minister Sergey Stanishev
Image:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso	presidential republic	President Blaise Compaoré	Prime Minister Paramanga Ernest Yonli
Image:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi	presidential republic	President Pierre Nkurunziza
Image:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia	parliamentary monarchy	King Norodom Sihamoni	Prime Minister Samdech Hun Sen
Image:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon	presidential republic	President Paul Biya	Prime Minister Ephraïm Inoni
Image:Flag of Canada.svg Canada	parliamentary monarchy¹	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor General Michaëlle Jean	Prime Minister Stephen Harper
Image:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde	semi-presidential republic	President Pedro Pires	Prime Minister José Maria Neves
Image:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic	presidential republic	President François Bozizé	Prime Minister Élie Doté
Image:Flag of Chad.svg Chad	presidential republic	President Idriss Déby	Prime Minister Pascal Yoadimnadji
Image:Flag of Chile (bordered).svg Chile	presidential republic	President Michelle Bachelet
Image:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China, People's Republic of	Communist Party-led republic	President Hu Jintao	Premier Wen Jiabao
Image:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia	presidential republic	President Álvaro Uribe
Image:Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros	presidential republic	President Ahmed Abdallah Sambi
Image:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Congo, Democratic Republic of the	presidential republic	President Joseph Kabila
Image:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Congo, Republic of the	presidential republic	President Denis Sassou-Nguesso
Image:Flag of Costa Rica (state).svg Costa Rica	presidential republic	President Óscar Arias
Image:Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg Côte d'Ivoire	presidential republic	President Laurent Gbagbo	Prime Minister Charles Konan Banny
Image:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia	parliamentary republic	President Stjepan Mesić	Prime Minister Ivo Sanader
Image:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba	Socialist republic	President Fidel Castro	Prime Minister Fidel Castro
Image:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus	presidential republic	President Tassos Papadopoulos
Image:Flag of the Czech Republic (bordered).svg Czech Republic	parliamentary republic	President Václav Klaus	Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek
Image:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark	parliamentary monarchy	Queen Margrethe II	Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen
Image:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti	presidential republic	President Ismail Omar Guelleh	Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita
Image:Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica	parliamentary republic	President Nicholas Liverpool	Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit
Image:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic	presidential republic	President Leonel Fernández
Image:Flag of East Timor.svg East Timor	parliamentary republic	President Xanana Gusmão	Prime Minister José Ramos-Horta
Image:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador	presidential republic	President Alfredo Palacio
Image:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt	presidential republic	President Hosni Mubarak	Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif
Image:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador	presidential republic	President Antonio Saca
Image:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea	presidential republic	President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo	Prime Minister Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea
Image:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea	parliamentary republic	President Isaias Afewerki
Image:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia	parliamentary republic	President Toomas Hendrik Ilves	Prime Minister Andrus Ansip
Image:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia	parliamentary republic	President Girma Wolde-Giorgis	Prime Minister Meles Zenawi
Image:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji	parliamentary republic	President Ratu Josefa Iloilo	Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase
Image:Flag of Finland (bordered).svg Finland	semi-presidential republic	President Tarja Halonen	Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen
Image:Flag of France.svg France	semi-presidential republic	President Jacques Chirac	Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin
Image:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon	presidential republic	President Omar Bongo	Prime Minister Jean Eyeghe Ndong
Image:Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia, The	presidential republic	President Yahya Jammeh
Image:Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia	presidential republic	President Mikhail Saakashvili	Prime Minister Zurab Noghaideli
Image:Flag of Germany.svg Germany	parliamentary republic	President Horst Köhler	Chancellor Angela Merkel
Image:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana	presidential republic	President John Kufuor
Image:Flag of Greece.svg Greece	parliamentary republic	President Karolos Papoulias	Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis
Image:Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada	parliamentary monarchy¹	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Daniel Williams	Prime Minister Keith Mitchell
Image:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala	presidential republic	President Óscar Berger
Image:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea	presidential republic	President Lansana Conté
Image:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau	presidential republic	President João Bernardo Vieira	Prime Minister Aristides Gomes
Image:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana	presidential republic	President Bharrat Jagdeo	Prime Minister Sam Hinds
Image:Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti	presidential republic	President René Préval	Prime Minister Jacques-Édouard Alexis
Image:Flag of Honduras.svg Honduras	presidential republic	President Manuel Zelaya
Image:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary	parliamentary republic	President László Sólyom	Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány
Image:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland	parliamentary republic	President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson	Prime Minister Geir Haarde
Image:Flag of India.svg India	parliamentary republic	President Abdul Kalam	Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
Image:Flag of Indonesia (bordered).svg Indonesia	presidential republic	President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Image:Flag of Iran.svg Iran	Theocratic republic	Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei; President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Image:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq	parliamentary republic	President Jalal Talabani	Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki
Image:Flag of Ireland (bordered).svg Ireland	parliamentary republic	President Mary McAleese	Taoiseach Bertie Ahern
Image:Flag of Israel (bordered).svg Israel	parliamentary republic	President Moshe Katsav	Prime Minister Ehud Olmert
Image:Flag of Italy.svg Italy	parliamentary republic	President Giorgio Napolitano	Prime Minister Romano Prodi
Image:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica	parliamentary monarchy¹	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Kenneth Hall	Prime Minister Portia Simpson Miller
Image:Flag of Japan (bordered).svg Japan	parliamentary monarchy	Emperor Akihito⁵	Prime Minister Shinzo Abe
Image:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan	semi-constitutional monarchy	King Abdullah II	Prime Minister Marouf al-Bakhit
Image:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan	presidential republic	President Nursultan Nazarbayev	Prime Minister Daniyal Akhmetov
Image:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya	presidential republic	President Mwai Kibaki
Image:Flag of Kiribati.svg Kiribati	presidential republic	President Anote Tong
Image:Flag of North Korea.svg Korea, North	Communist Party-led republic	Eternal President² (the late) Kim Il Sung; Chairman of the National Defence Commission Kim Jong Il (regarded as "highest administrative authority"); Head of State for Foreign Affairs as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly Kim Yong Nam	Premier Pak Pong Ju
Image:Flag of South Korea (bordered).svg Korea, South	presidential republic	President Roh Moo Hyun	Prime Minister Han Myung-Sook
Image:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait	semi-constitutional monarchy	Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah	Prime Minister Nasser Al-Mohammed Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah
Image:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan	presidential republic	President Kurmanbek Bakiyev	Prime Minister Feliks Kulov
Image:Flag of Laos.svg Laos	Communist Party-led republic	President Choummaly Sayasone	Prime Minister Bouasone Bouphavanh
Image:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia	parliamentary republic	President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga	Prime Minister Aigars Kalvītis
Image:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon	semi-presidential confessional republic	President Émile Lahoud	Prime Minister Fouad Siniora
Image:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho	parliamentary monarchy	King Letsie III	Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili
Image:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia	presidential republic	President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf
Image:Flag of Libya.svg Libya	jamahiriya	President Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani (official head of state); Leader of the Revolution Muammar al-Qaddafi (de facto head of state)	Prime Minister Baghdadi Mahmudi
Image:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein	semi-constitutional monarchy	Sovereign Prince Hans-Adam II; Prince-Regent Alois	Head of Government Otmar Hasler
Image:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania	parliamentary republic	President Valdas Adamkus	Prime Minister Gediminas Kirkilas
Image:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg	parliamentary monarchy	Grand Duke Henri	Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker
Image:Flag of Macedonia.svg Macedonia, Republic of	semi-presidential republic	President Branko Crvenkovski	Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski
Image:Flag of Madagascar (bordered).svg Madagascar	presidential republic	President Marc Ravalomanana	Prime Minister Jacques Sylla
Image:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi	presidential republic	President Bingu wa Mutharika
Image:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia	parliamentary monarchy	Yang di-Pertuan Agong Syed Sirajuddin ibni al-Marhum Syed Putra Jamalullail	Prime Minister Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
Image:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives	presidential republic	President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom
Image:Flag of Mali.svg Mali	presidential republic	President Amadou Toumani Touré	Prime Minister Ousmane Issoufi Maïga
Image:Flag of Malta (bordered).svg Malta	parliamentary republic	President Edward Fenech Adami	Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi
Image:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands	presidential republic	President Kessai Note
Image:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania	military junta	Chairman of the Military Council for Justice and Democracy Col. Ely Ould Mohamed Vall	Prime Minister Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar
Image:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius	parliamentary republic	President Sir Anerood Jugnauth	Prime Minister Navin Ramgoolam
Image:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico	presidential republic	President Felipe Calderón
Image:Flag of Micronesia.svg Micronesia	presidential republic	President Joseph Urusemal
Image:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova	semi-presidential republic	President Vladimir Voronin	Prime Minister Vasile Tarlev
Image:Flag of Monaco (bordered).svg Monaco	constitutional monarchy	Sovereign Prince Albert II	Minister of State Jean-Paul Proust
Image:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia	semi-presidential republic	President Nambaryn Enkhbayar	Prime Minister Miyeegombo Enkhbold
Image:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro	parliamentary republic	President Filip Vujanović	Prime Minister Željko Šturanović
Image:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco	semi-constitutional monarchy	King Muhammad VI	Prime Minister Driss Jettou
Image:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique	presidential republic	President Armando Guebuza
Image:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar	military junta without representative institutions	Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Sr. Gen. Than Shwe	Prime Minister Soe Win
Image:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia	presidential republic	President Hifikepunye Pohamba
Image:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru	presidential-parliamentary republic	President Ludwig Scotty
Image:Flag of Nepal.svg Nepal	absolute monarchy	King Gyanendra	Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala
Image:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands	parliamentary monarchy	Queen Beatrix	Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende
Image:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand	parliamentary monarchy¹	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General of New Zealand Anand Satyanand	Prime Minister Helen Clark
Image:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua	presidential republic	President Enrique Bolaños
Image:Flag of Niger.svg Niger	presidential republic	President Tandja Mamadou	Prime Minister Hama Amadou
Image:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria	presidential republic	President Olusegun Obasanjo
Image:Flag of Norway.svg Norway	parliamentary monarchy	King Harald V	Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg
Image:Flag of Oman (bordered).svg Oman	absolute monarchy	Sultan and Prime Minister Qaboos bin Sa’id Al ‘Bu Sa’id
Image:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan	presidential republic	President General Pervez Musharraf	Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz
Image:Flag of Palau.svg Palau	presidential republic	President Tommy Remengesau
Image:Flag of Panama (bordered).svg Panama	presidential republic	President Martín Torrijos
Image:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea	parliamentary monarchy¹	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Paulias Matane	Prime Minister Sir Michael Somare
Image:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay	presidential republic	President Nicanor Duarte
Image:Flag of Peru.svg Peru	presidential republic	President Alan García	Prime Minister Jorge del Castillo
Image:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines	presidential republic	President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Image:Flag of Poland (bordered).svg Poland	parliamentary republic	President Lech Kaczyński	Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński
Image:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal	parliamentary republic	President Aníbal Cavaco Silva	Prime Minister José Sócrates
Image:Flag of Qatar (bordered).svg Qatar	absolute monarchy	Emir Hamad ibn Khalifa Al Thani	Prime Minister Sheikh Abdullah ibn Khalifa Al Thani
Romania	semi-presidential republic	President Traian Băsescu	Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu
Image:Flag of Russia (bordered).svg Russia	semi-presidential republic	President Vladimir Putin	Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov
Image:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda	presidential republic	President Paul Kagame	Prime Minister Bernard Makuza
Image:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis	parliamentary monarchy¹	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Cuthbert Sebastian	Prime Minister Denzil Douglas
Image:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia	parliamentary monarchy¹	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Dame Pearlette Louisy	Prime Minister Kenny Anthony
Image:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	parliamentary monarchy¹	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Frederick Ballantyne	Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves
Image:Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa	parliamentary monarchy	O le Ao o le Malo Malietoa Tanumafili II	Prime Minister Tuila'epa Sailele Malielegaoi
Image:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino	parliamentary republic	Captains-Regent Antonio Carattoni and Roberto Giorgetti	Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Fiorenzo Stolfi
Image:Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe	semi-presidential republic	President Fradique de Menezes	Prime Minister Tomé Vera Cruz
Image:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia	absolute monarchy	King and Prime Minister Abdullah
Image:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal	presidential republic	President Abdoulaye Wade	Prime Minister Macky Sall
Image:Flag of Serbia (state) (bordered).svg Serbia	parliamentary republic	President Boris Tadić	Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica
Image:Flag of the Seychelles.svg Seychelles	presidential republic	President James Michel
Image:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone	presidential republic	President Ahmad Tejan Kabbah
Image:Flag of Singapore (bordered).svg Singapore	parliamentary republic	President Sellapan Ramanathan	Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
Image:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia	parliamentary republic	President Ivan Gašparovič	Prime Minister Robert Fico
Image:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia	parliamentary republic	President Janez Drnovšek	Prime Minister Janez Janša
Image:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands	parliamentary monarchy¹	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Nathaniel Waena	Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare
Image:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia	de jure semi-presidential state	President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed	Prime Minister Ali Muhammad Ghedi
Image:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa	presidential republic	President Thabo Mbeki
Image:Flag of Spain.svg Spain	parliamentary monarchy	King Juan Carlos I	President of the Government José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
Image:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka	semi-presidential republic	President Mahinda Rajapakse
Image:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan	presidential republic	President Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir
Image:Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname	presidential republic	President Ronald Venetiaan
Image:Flag of Swaziland.svg Swaziland	absolute monarchy	King Mswati III	Prime Minister Themba Dlamini
Image:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden	parliamentary monarchy	King Carl XVI Gustaf	Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt
Image:Flag of Switzerland.svg Switzerland	parliamentary republic	Swiss Federal Council³: Moritz Leuenberger (President of the Confederation⁴), Pascal Couchepin, Samuel Schmid, Micheline Calmy-Rey (Vice-President of the Confederation), Christoph Blocher, Hans-Rudolf Merz, Doris Leuthard
Syria	presidential republic	President Bashar al-Assad	Prime Minister Muhammad Naji al-Otari
Image:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan (Republic of China)	semi-presidential republic	President Chen Shui-bian	Premier Su Tseng-chang
Image:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan	presidential republic	President Imomali Rakhmonov	Prime Minister Akil Akilov
Image:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania	presidential republic	President Jakaya Kikwete
Image:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand	military dictatorship	King Bhumibol Adulyadej	Chief of the Administrative Reform Council Sonthi Boonyaratglin
Image:Flag of Togo.svg Togo	presidential republic	President Faure Gnassingbé	Prime Minister Yawovi Agboyibo
Image:Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga	parliamentary monarchy	King George Tupou V	Prime Minister Dr. Feleti Sevele
Image:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago	parliamentary republic	President George Maxwell Richards	Prime Minister Patrick Manning
Image:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia	presidential republic	President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali	Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi
Image:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey	parliamentary republic	President Ahmet Necdet Sezer	Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Image:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan	presidential republic	President Saparmurat Niyazov
Image:Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu	parliamentary monarchy¹	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Filoimea Telito	Prime Minister Apisai Ielemia
Image:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda	presidential republic	President Yoweri Museveni
Image:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine	semi-presidential republic	President Viktor Yushchenko	Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych
Image:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates	semi-constitutional monarchy	President Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahayan	Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom	parliamentary monarchy¹	Queen Elizabeth II	Prime Minister Tony Blair
Image:Flag of the United States.svg United States	presidential republic	President George W. Bush
Image:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay	presidential republic	President Tabaré Vázquez
Image:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan	presidential republic	President Islam Karimov
Image:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu	parliamentary republic	President Kalkot Mataskelekele	Prime Minister Ham Lini
Image:Flag of the Vatican City.svg Vatican City	sacerdotal state	Pope Benedict XVI	Secretary of State Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone; Governor Archbishop Giovanni Lajolo
Image:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela	presidential republic	President Hugo Chávez
Image:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam	Communist Party-led republic	President Nguyen Minh Triet	Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung
Image:Flag of Western Sahara.svg Western Sahara (SADR)	Largely occupied by Morocco, government in exile administers some territory.	President Mohamed Abdelaziz	Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar
Image:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen	presidential republic	President Ali Abdullah Saleh	Prime Minister Abdul Qader Bajamal
Image:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia	presidential republic	President Levy Mwanawasa
Image:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe	presidential republic	President Robert Mugabe

[edit] Notes

In the Commonwealth Realms (with the exception of the United Kingdom), the head of state, Queen Elizabeth II, is represented by a Governor-General.
The Preface to the Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea states, "The DPRK and the entire Korean people will uphold the great leader Comrade Kim Il Sung as the eternal President of the Republic, defend and carry forward his ideas and exploits and complete the Juche revolution under the leadership of the Workers' Party of Korea." Kim Il Sung died in 1994.
The Council as a whole makes decisions.
The President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
The Constitution of Japan renders the Emperor as the "Symbol of State." While he performs the functions of a Head of State, his lack of reserve powers makes his status as the formal Head of States a subject of debate.