Living machines
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Living machines represents a conceptual variant on intelligent machines <ref>Jack Todd & John Todd (1993) From Eco-Cities to Living Machines by Nancy, North Atlantic Books</ref>, and has mostly been associated with water treatment systems that make use of natural bioremediation processes such as wetlands to remove contaminants from sewage and other waste water sources.
The earliest living machines were developed and designed by John Todd and Nancy Jack Todd of Ocean Arks International, beginning in the 1990s <ref>[1]</ref><ref>[2]</ref>.
Living Machines, Inc, in Taos, New Mexico has registered Living Machines® as a trademark after working with John Todd. Now John Todd and his organization Ocean Arks International connot even use the term living machine. The Taos based group effecively stole the name of the this brilliant method that John Todd and his collegues developed.
In Context was one of the first magazines to publish articles on living machines, with articles as early as 1993, that have focused on the contribution of John and Nancy Jack Todd <ref>[3]</ref><ref>[4]</ref>.
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[edit] Convergence of biology and technology
A more inclusive approach to living machines is offered in a February 2004 feature article on the subject in Wired Magazine (Issue 12-02) addressing the broader perspective that "Technology and biology are converging fast. The result will transform everything from engineering to art - and redefine life as we know it. <ref>[5]</ref>"
[edit] Living Machine Projects
Students throughout the United States are improving Living Machines in order to work more efficiently in todays society. Katherine Mary James, from the Woodlands,Texas competed and won 2nd place at The Texas State Science and Engineering Fair with a project innovating the ways that Living Machines purify water. With her unique project she used different soil types and phytoremediating plants to purify contaminated water in a 3 tank Living Machine[citation needed].
[edit] References
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