Locative case
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Locative (also called the seventh case) is a case which indicates a location. It corresponds vaguely to the English prepositions "in", "on", "at", and "by". The locative case belongs to the general local cases together with the lative and separative case.
The case is often used to distinguish between describing a place and going there. For example in Polish:
"I am going to Cracow" - "Jadę do Krakowa"
"Cracow is a beautiful city" - "Kraków jest pięknym miastem"
In the former example, the city is written "Krakowa" because it is used as a place to go to, while in the latter the function of the city is an object which is described.
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[edit] The locative case in various languages
The locative case exists in many languages, e.g. the Altaic, Indo-European, and Uralic languages.
Locative can pertain to the action of going home or being located. Also realted to locative media.
[edit] Indo-European languages
The locative case is found in:
- in modern Balto-Slavic languages (see however prepositional case)
- some classical Indo-European languages, particularly Sanskrit and Old Latin
- in uncommon, archaic or literary use in certain modern Indian languages (such as Marathi in which a separate ablative case has however disappeared)
[edit] Turkish
The locative case exists in Turkish. For instance, in Turkish, elim means: my hand, and elimde means in my hand, so using -de and -da suffixes, the locative case is marked.
[edit] Inari Sami
In Inari Sami, the locative suffix is -st.
- kyeleest 'in the language'
- kieđast 'in the hand'.
[edit] Hungarian
In the Hungarian language, nine such cases exist, yet the name locative case refers to a form (-t/-tt) used only in a few city/town names along with the Inessive case or Superessive case. It can also be observed in a few local adverbs and postpositions. It is no longer productive.
Examples:
- Győrött (also Győrben), Pécsett (also Pécsen), Vácott (also Vácon), Kaposvárt and Kaposvárott (also Kaposváron), Vásárhelyt (also Vásárhelyen)
- itt (here), ott (there), imitt, amott (there yonder), alatt (under), fölött (over), között (between/among), mögött (behind) etc.
The town/city name suffixes -ban/-ben are the inessive ones, and the -on/-en/-ön are the superessive ones.
[edit] Russian
In the Russian language, the locative case is often and recently called the prepositional case. This because the case is only used after a preposition and not always used for locations. Statements such as "в библиотеке" ("in library") or "на Аляске" ("in Alaska") show the usage for location. However, this case is also used after the preposition "о" ("about") as in "о студенте" ("about the student").
Nevertheless a few words preserve a distinctive form of locative case: "лежать в снегу́" (to lie in the snow), but "думать о снеге" (to think about snow). Other examples are дом (house) - "на дому́", дым (smoke) - "в дыму́", бок (side) - "на боку́". The stress marks here signify that the stress is made on the last syllable, unlike the dative case that has the same spelling.
bs:Lokativ
bg:Местен падеж
cs:Lokál
de:Lokativ
es:Caso locativo
fr:Locatif
hr:Lokativ
la:Locativus
mk:Локатив
nl:Locatief
ja:処格
pl:Miejscownik
ru:Местный падеж
sr:Локатив
sh:Lokativ
fi:Lokatiivi
sv:Lokativ
