Lund

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For other uses, see Lund (disambiguation).

**Lund**
Image:Lund in Sweden.png	City arms
	55° 42´ N 13° 12´ E
	Charter	City (990)
	Municipality	Lund Municipality
	County	Skåne County
	Province	Skåne
	Population	102 257 (Dec 31, 2005)<ref name="population">http://www.lund.se/templates/Page____1660.aspx</ref>

Lund (help·info) IPA: [lɵnd] is a city in Skåne in southern Sweden. The city is held to have been founded around 990, when the Scanian lands belonged to Denmark. It soon became the Christian center of Northern Europe with an archbishop and with the towering Lund Cathedral, built in 1103.

It is the home of Lund University, one of Sweden's largest research universites. The city itself today has about 74,000 inhabitants not counting all temporary students. The Lund Municipality with 102 257<ref name="population" /> inhabitants includes several surrounding small towns and villages, particularly to the east. The municipality includes Dalby and the adjacent Dalby Söderskog national park.

1 History
2 Geography
3 Industry
4 The Lund Principle
5 Twin Cities
6 Education
7 Notable natives
8 Notes
9 External links
10 Other uses

[edit] History

The foundation of Lund remains unclear. Until recently, the town was thought to have been founded by King Canute the Great around 1020, however, recent archeological discoveries suggest that the first settlement was founded around 990, when the village of Uppåkra was moved to Lund's location, by King Sweyn I Forkbeard. The distance is only some five kilometres, but Lund is located on a hill, and on the other side of a rivulet-ford, giving the new site considerable defensive advantages compared to Uppåkra, that is situated on the highest point of a rather large plain. Beside new techniques of warfare, the relocation is believed to signify the process of unification of Denmark.

The city was made see in 1060, and in 1103 made the site of the archbishop for Scandinavia. The Lund Cathedral was similarly founded in or shortly after 1103. In 1152, the Norwegian archdiocese of Nidaros was founded as a separate province of the church, independent of Lund. In 1164 Sweden also got an archbishop of its own, although nominally subordinate to the archbishop of Lund.

Lund University main building, from 1882 by Helgo Zettervall.

Lund Cathedral School (Katedralskolan) was founded in 1085 by the Danish king Canute the Saint. This is the oldest school in Scandinavia and one of the oldest in Northern Europe. Many well-known people have attended it, among whom actor Max von Sydow and several high ranking politicians.

In 1658, all Scanian counties except the island Anholt, were ceded by Denmark to Sweden by the Treaty of Roskilde. On December 4 in 1676 it was defended in the Battle of Lund, one of the bloodiest battles fought in Scandinavia.

Lund University, established in 1666 as a means of "Swedification", is Sweden's largest with 41,000 full- or part-time students, though not all students actually live in Lund (the figure includes Lund Institute of Technology which is in some ways independent of the old University). As late as the 1940s, Lund was a relatively small city with few large-scale industries, covering only about a fourth of the current urban area and was dominated by the Cathedral and the University. Since then, the student population has increased about twelvefold, many industrial companies in the chemical, medical or electronics branches and, more recently, within information management, have set up establishments in the city, and the town's population, architecture and pulse has been transformed.

Compared to many other swedish cities, however, the urban heart of Lund is very well preserved, and there is even a local law demanding archaeological exploration, if it has not been carried out before, on any downtown property which is set to be razed and rebuilt; this, and a lively local opinion, makes it difficult to initiate large-scale redevelopment of some parts of the city centre.

[edit] Geography

As an unavoidable consequence of Lund being located on a hill, albeit very gently sloping, the city has a considerable difference in altitude — which is of particular disadvantage to the many students and others who use bicycles as their main means of transportation. The difference in altitude is about 80 meters from the lowest point in the south to the highest point in the north.

Lund is located in Sweden's largest agricultural district, less than 10 km from the sandy shore of the Öresund Straits and about 16 km from Malmö. From the top of the hill Sankt Hans Backar it is possible to spot Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. In the eastern part of the Lund municipality there is forest, mainly decidious.

[edit] Industry

Lund is home to the Tetra Pak company that manufactures and markets paper packaging and equipment for milk, orange juice etc. all over the world. Sony Ericsson develops cell phone handsets in Lund based on platforms Ericsson Mobile Platforms (EMP) develop and sell to several cell phone manufacturs. Other important industries include medical technology (Gambro), pharmaceuticals (Astra Zeneca), biotechnology (Active Biotech, among others), (Alfa Laval) and publishing and library services.

Image:Katedralskolan lund.JPG

[edit] The Lund Principle

The "Lund Principle" is an important principle in ecumenical relations between Christian churches. It affirms that churches should act together in all matters except those in which deep differences of conviction compel them to act separately. It was agreed by the 1952 Faith and Order Conference of the World Council of Churches held at Lund.

[edit] Twin Cities

Lund has a twin city in each of the Nordic countries, as well as others spread over the world. <ref>http://www.lund.se/templates/Page____2731.aspx</ref>