Marmot

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This article is about the animal. For outdoor goods company, see Marmot (company).

iMarmots
Fossil range: Late Miocene - Recent

Groundhog, Marmota monax

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Family:	Sciuridae
Tribe:	Marmotini
Genus:	Marmota Blumenbach, 1779

Species

See text.

Marmots are members of the genus Marmota, in the rodent family Sciuridae (squirrels).

Marmots are generally large ground squirrels. Those most often referred to as marmots tend to live in mountainous areas such as the Sierra Nevadas in the United States or the European Alps. However the groundhog is also properly called a marmot, and the prairie dog is also better called a "prairie marmot", though it is not classified in the genus Marmota but in the closely related genus Cynomys.

Marmots typically live in burrows, and hibernate there through the winter. Most marmots are highly social, and use loud whistles to communicate with one another, especially when alarmed.

Many historians suggest that marmots, rather than rats, were the primary carriers of the Bubonic plague during several historic outbreaks.[1]

The name marmot comes from French marmotte, from Old French marmotan, marmontaine, from Old Franco-Provençal, from Low Latin mures montani "mountain mouse", from Latin mures monti, from Classical Latin mures alpini "Alps mouse".

Marmots mainly eat greens. They eat many types of grasses, berries, lichens, mosses, roots and flowers.

[edit] Species of marmot

The following is a list of all Marmota species recognized by Wilson and Reeder, 1993

[2].

Gray Marmot or Altai Marmot Marmota baibacina Siberia
Bobak Marmot Marmota bobak Central Europe to Central Asia
Alaska Marmot, Brower's Marmot or Brook's Range Marmot Marmota broweri Nearctic
Hoary Marmot Marmota caligata North western North America
Black-Capped Marmot Marmota camtschatica Eastern Siberia
Red Marmot, Golden Marmot or Long-Tailed Marmot Marmota caudata Central Asia
Yellow-Bellied Marmot Marmota flaviventris South western Canada, Western United States
Himalayan marmot or Tibetan Snow Pig Marmota himalayana Himalaya
Alpine Marmot Marmota marmota Central and Western European Alps, Tatra, introduced into the Pyrenees.
Menzbier's Marmot Marmota menzbieri Central Asia
Woodchuck, Groundhog, or Whistlepig Marmota monax North America
Olympic Marmot Marmota olympus Olympic Peninsula, Washington, USA
Tarvaga, Tarbagan or Mongolian Marmot Marmota sibirica, Siberia
Vancouver Island Marmot Marmota vancouverensis Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

At Cedar Breaks, a marmot's (lower right) natural camouflage hides it in a pile of rocks, a common habitat.	Yellow-Bellied Marmot in Glacier National Park (Canada)	A Hoary Marmot in Mt. Rainier National Park	Skull of a marmot.
A marmot in Rocky Mountain National Park.	Two marmots mate.	Alpine Marmot in the Massif des Écrins, southern France.