Mbuna
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Image:Melanochromis cyaneorhabdos.jpg Mbuna is the common name for a large group of African cichlids from Lake Malawi. The name mbuna is translated as rock fish.
These are some of the most colorful freshwater fish for the home aquarium. Mbuna, pronounced with only one syllable, are very aggressive and territorial fish, although they are suitable for beginner fishkeepers who have researched their needs. A suitable aquarium setting includes many rocks, caves and hiding places; plants may be uprooted so they are best avoided but a small number will work well in the aquarium. These include Java Fern, which may become the object of Mbuna aggression but will not be eaten due to an undesireable taste.
Sand or gravel is the ideal substrate. The hobbyist will want to mix in some sort of so-called 'live rock' as a pH buffer however. Crushed coral and specially mixed bags of substrate will do. Generally, tanks of no less than 55 gallons are required for mature Mbuna; 29 gallon tanks will work beautifully for juvenile fish but will need to be upgraded as they mature, grow and become more aggressive and territorial (this will occur in just a matter of weeks or months).
These cichlids are usually kept in well filtered, heavily stocked mbuna-specific aquariums. They are Maternal mouthbrooders and breed readily in good conditions. Mbuna are mostly Herbivorous and their diet should consist of low fat foods. Many species will require spirulina, but worms, beefheart, and meaty foods are best avoided.
There is a wide array of literature out there concerning African cichlids (including references to Mbuna in more general aquarium guides and scientific texts). There are suble but important differences from book to book (and especially from internet site to site). Differences include whether or not to attempt an under-gravel filter and specific species compatibility. Make sure that you double check any recommendations with a second or third shopkeeper, experienced aquarist or printed text. The time and monetary investment required for a 75 gallon or larger aquarium demands it.
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