Metahuman
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Metahuman is a term to describe superhumans in the DC Universe. It is roughly synonymous with both mutant and mutate (in the Marvel Universe) and posthuman in the Wildstorm and Ultimate Marvel Universes. See also Homo Magi.
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[edit] Invasion!: Origins & Definition
Metahuman is a term coined by the fictitious alien Dominators (in DC Comics' Invasion! miniseries), and used to describe any human being with what are commonly described as "super powers". The justification for this alternate phrase is that "super" implies a value judgement—is super-strength somehow "better" than normal strength? Moreover, it implies that the ability is an enhanced version of a normal human ability—by which definition, telekinesis (for example), which is not possessed by normal humans, is not a superpower. These powers are referred to as metahuman abilities. The more common term for metahuman is superhuman.
[edit] White Martians
According to the storyline in Justice League of America (#4) by Grant Morrison, and the storylines in Martian Manhunter (#25 - 27) by John Ostrander, and Son of Vulcan (#5), the genetic potential for a future metagene was discovered in ancient human DNA by the White Martian race. The White Martians performed experiments on these primitive humans, changing the metagene.
Due to their experimentations, they actually altered the destiny of the human race. Whereas before evolution would have eventually made mankind into a race of superhumans similar to the Daxamites and Kryptonians, now only a select few humans would be able to develop metahuman powers. As punishment for this, the group of renegades known as the Hyperclan was exiled to the Still Zone, a version of the Phantom Zone. [1][2]
The White Martians also created a metavirus, a metagene that could be passed from host to host via touch. This metavirus was responsible for the empowerment of the very first Son of Vulcan. And from that time onwards the Sons of Vulcan passed the metavirus down in an unbroken line, sworn to hunt and kill White Martians.
[edit] The Metagene
The series provided a concept for why humans in the DC Universe would survive catastrophic events and develop "super powers." One of the Dominators discovered that some humans had a "biological variant" he called the meta-gene (also spelled "metagene"). This gene often lay dormant until a moment of extraordinary physiological stress activated it, and upon activation it would use the source of the biostress as a catalyst for "genetic change," resulting in metahuman abilities. The previous statement is a paraphrase of the explanation provided in the comic series. It should also be noted that DC does not use the "metagene concept" as a solid editorial rule, and several writers do not reference the metagene when explaining a character's origin.
DC also has characters born with superhuman abilities, suggesting the metagene can activate spontaneously and without any prior appearance in the ancestry. One well-known example involves Dinah Laurel Lance, the second Black Canary. Although her mother (Dinah Drake Lance, the original Black Canary) was a superhero, neither she nor her husband Larry Lance were born with any known metagenes. However, Dinah Laurel was born with a metagene; the famed ultrasonic scream known as the Canary Cry.
DC does suggest that some humans have inherent ability for magic, and these humans are part of a group of genetic offshoots referred to as the "Homo Magi."
The prefix meta-, in this context, simply means "beyond"—as in metastable, which is beyond regular stability and ready to collapse at the slightest disruption, or metamorphosis, which is the state of going beyond a single shape. In the DC comic mini-series Legends, the Dominators point out that the location of the Meta-gene is somewhere near the brain.[citation needed] (Of course, in reality every cell in the body would contain this gene.)
In the DC Comics universe, metahuman criminals are incarcerated in special metahuman prisons, like the one built on Alcatraz Island, which outfitted not only with provisions to hold criminals whose powers are science and technology-based, but even mystical dampeners to hold villains (Homo Magi) whose powers are magic based. Prisoners in this facility are tagged with nanobyte tracers injected into their bloodstream that allows them to be located wherever they are, as seen in Outsiders #12 (July 2004).
[edit] Population
The term "Meta" does not only refer to metahumans. Superman (an alien) and Wonder Woman (a god/god-like) are considered "honorary" Metas. It can refer to anyone with extranormal powers, no matter the origins and including those not born with such power.
According to Countdown to Infinite Crisis, there are roughly 1.3 million metahumans on Earth, 99.5% of which are considered "nuisance-level" (such as kids who can bend spoons with their mind and the old lady "who keeps hitting at Powerball"). The other 0.5% are what Checkmate and the OMACs consider alpha and beta level threats. For example, Superman and Wonder Woman are alpha level, while Metamorpho is a beta. Interestingly, Batman is classified by Checkmate as an alpha level metahuman, even though Batman has no genetic super-/meta-human abilities (all of Batman's abilities were developed through his rigorous training in varied skills).
[edit] Metas & Mutants
A common rule in some fandom is that Marvel has mutants, mutates, and super-powered beings, while DC has metahumans. The term metahuman was first used in the pages of the Invasion mini-series from 1988 as part of the main plot. It is believed that the term metahuman was coined as a way of describing the DC Comics universe's superpowered characters as different from those who are normal humans in the same way Marvel Comics describes its mutants -- superpowered beings born with their abilities. In actuality DC has had its own mutants; Captain Comet and Tempest I are two examples of DC comics characters initially described as mutants.
However, it should be noted that the ACTUAL first usage of the term 'metahuman' was in the Marvel Universe, in the New Mutants Annual #3, from 1987 - a year before 'Invasion!' The scene was when the New Mutants were in the Soviet Union, in pursuit of their teammate Warlock and the Impossible Man, and security forces thought the Soviet Premier was under attack. One security officer is seen clearly stating 'that metahuman terrorists are attacking the Premier.'
[edit] Notable Uses in Comics and Other Media
[edit] Marvel Comics
In Marvel Comics, metahuman is a term used in the Marvel Universe to describe an attribute of a character that possesses a high degree of superhuman durability. A character possessing metahuman level invulnerability can withstand virtually all puncture wounds, temperature extremes of hot and cold, and corrosives without sustaining damage. The various tissues of their bodies; skin, bone, muscle, etc., are essentially as hard as a diamond. As a result, they are practically invulnerable to injury by conventional attacks or weaponry
[edit] City of Heroes
In the MMORPG City of Heroes, the Illuminati-like Malta Group refers to super-beings as metahuman. When spotting a player, its paramilitary operatives will often report an "MHI" or Meta-Human Incursion to their squad.
[edit] Shadowrun
Metahuman is also used in the Shadowrun universe to describe elves, dwarves, and the like. These metahumans are described as being subspecies of Homo sapiens who began emerging following the return of magic in 2011 and generally have been the targets of racism throughout their existence. In game terms, metahuman characters generally have abilities beyond those of normal humans, such as increased strength or agility, improved vision, etc.
[edit] In Animation
In animated versions of the DC universe, the term metahuman is sometimes used, most commonly this is true for the animated series Static Shock (a series which intersects and interacts with the main animated DC Universe, including the Batman and Superman shows of the nineties, as well as the JLU).
[edit] Static Shock
Static Shock is a show in which all superpowered characters are granted powers by a large chemical explosion later nicknamed "the Big Bang" are dubbed "Meta-Humans" or "Bang-Babies". A few strange facts and differences are presented by this version of the term:
- Despite being used regularly in the DC Comics universe, the term metahuman was not commonly used at the time Milestone Comics' first 4 books (Static being the fourth) were published (if at all).
- Metahuman applies only to peoples mutated by an outside force.
- Metahumans in this universe have no latent metagene, but rather a mutated genome due to a common chemical accident. These mutations often reflect previous attributes (many such attributes paradoxically personality related)
- "Metahuman" is first presented in the show by Virgil Hawkins the main character of the show Static Shock as an alternative to the word "Mutant" because it sounded "degrading."
- Metahumans can be cured by chemical antidote, a fact separating them from other Superbeings in the Animated DC Universe.
- The expression is rarely used in the show's sibling shows despite sharing the same continuity.
- It is suggested that metahumans' powers are subject to change due to the unstable nature of their origin.
- nonhuman lifeforms, including bacteria (which one kind became 70ft tall) can be a metahuman
