Molfetta
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Molfetta is a city and comune of the Bari province in the southern Italian region of Puglia, on the Adriatic coast, at sea-level. It is 25 km (15 mi) WNW of Bari.
It has a well restored old city, and its own dialect.
[edit] History
The earliest local signs of permanent habitation are the Neolithic site of Pulo, one of the most important such sites in southern Italy. The origins of the city can be traced to a small fishing port; antique graves testify to a fisherman's village in the fourth century BC. The position of the future city offered a valid landing to the commerce of Roman Rubo. The first indication of a toponym on the coast between Turenum (Trani) and Natiolum (Giovinazzo) is in the Itinerarium Provinciarum Antonini Augusti, edited from a third century core. The place denominated Respa was probably a wrong transcript of the toponym Melpha, referring to a small village of fishermen.
The first official document that mentions the city dates to November 925; it documents a civitas denominated Melfi, situated on a peninsula named Sant'Andrea. The city developed under Byzantine dominion, and was later conquered by the Lombards, who included it in the Duchy of Benevento. The city repelled repeated assaults by the Saracens. As an independent seaport, Molfetta traded with other Mediterranean markets, including Venice, Alexandria, Constantinople, Syria, Amalfi and Dubrovnik.
At the beginning of the eleventh century the Normans arrived, and the autonomy that the city preserved helpe foster its development as both a commercial port with the east, and as port of embarcation for pilgrims heading to the Holy Land. During the Crusades and the standstill of the same near the Santa Maria dei Martiri hospital permitted the city to assume a wider importance. Among the many pilgrims was Conrad of Bavaria (c. 1105-1154), who was so enamoured of the city that he became venerated as, San Corrado, the protecting saint of Molfetta. During the Angevin dominion the city succeeded in remaining autonomous. However, the arrival of the Aragonese kingdom to Southern Italy, spurred turbulent struggles between French, Spanish and Italians. These wars provoked death and destruction in the whole south of Italy: the Sack of Molfetta at the hands of the French, 18-19 July 1529, was an episode that stalled the economic rebirth of the city.
[edit] Main sights
- Il Pulo is one of the most important Neolithic sites of southern Italy. It is a circular cave 23 m deep with grottoes and remains of old constructions.
- The Duomo of San Corrado was built in the 12th-13th centuries in Apulian-Romanesque style, using local stone on a basilica plan, a nave with two aisles divided by four central cross-shaped pilasters. The floor has two domes. From the apse area rise two 20 m- towers, one of which acted as watchtower, the other as the usual campanile.
- The church of S. Maria Assunta in Cielo, was built by the Jesuits from 1610. It houses the remains of the city's patron, San Corrado of Bavaria, in a silver reliquary bust of the saint (17th century) by G. Todaro.
- The church of San Bernardino da Siena (1451, rebuilt in 1585)includes a triptych by Duccio d'Andrea (15th century) and other later paintings. Notable is the Renaissance choir. The annexed convent is now the Palazzo Civico (town hall).
- The church of Saito Stefano, built from 1286, but with a Renaissance stone facade added in 1586.
- The church of Santa Maria Consolatrice degli Afflitti, simply known as Chiesa del Purgatorio, dating from 1643 and consecrated in 1667. The facade has statues representing Sts. Stephen, Peter, Paul and Lawrence and, on the two side summits, those of St. Joaquim and St. Anne. The interior houses paintings by Bernardino Cavallino and native-son Corrado Giaquinto.
- The Temple of Calvary, a small Neo-Gothic construction built in 1856 and designed by the local architect Corrado De Judicibus.
- Two km outside the city in the direction of Bisceglie, is the basilica-sanctuary of the Madonna dei Martiri. The current nave of the church is partially built over the old 11th century church, of which only a dome and the underlying structure remain, in today's altar area. Annexed is the Crusaders Hospital, also from the 11th century. the basilica conserves an image that was a votive gift of some Crusaders in 1188.
[edit] Famous people from Molfetta
Personalities from Molfetta include the anti-fascist politician and writer Gaetano Salvemini, conductor Riccardo Muti, painter Corrado Giaquinto and the sculptor Giulio Cozzoli.and also we include the famous artist Michael Gadaleta
[edit] External links
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