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The National Book Awards is one of the most preeminent literary prizes in the United States. Started in 1950, the awards are presented annually to American authors for literature published in the prior year, as well as lifetime achievement awards including the "Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters" and the "Literarian Award". The purpose of the awards is "to raise the cultural appreciation of great writing in America." In 1988 the National Book Foundation was established which now oversees and manages the National Book Awards.

Awards are in each of four categories: fiction, nonfiction, poetry, and young people's literature. The awards have historically been in various other categories, many of which have been retired or subsumed into other categories.

The winners are selected in each category by an independent, expert and volunteer five-member judging panel. Panels typically look at and read hundreds of books in each category. A chair from each panel announces the runners-up and winner during the "The National Book Awards Ceremony and Dinner" held each year in November. The winner receive a $10,000 cash prize and a crystal sculpture, runners-up each receive $1,000.

Contents 1 Winners of the National Book Awards 1.1 Current categories 1.1.1 Fiction 1.1.2 Nonfiction 1.1.3 Poetry 1.1.4 Young People's Literature 1.2 Previous categories 1.2.1 First Novel 1.2.2 First Work of Fiction 1.2.3 Science Fiction 1.2.4 Mystery 1.2.5 Western 1.2.6 Original Paperback 1.2.7 General Nonfiction 1.2.8 Arts and Letters 1.2.9 History and Biography 1.2.10 History 1.2.11 Biography 1.2.12 Biography and Autobiography 1.2.13 Autobiography 1.2.14 Autobiography/Biography 1.2.15 Science, Philosophy and Religion 1.2.16 The Sciences 1.2.17 Science 1.2.18 Philosophy and Religion 1.2.19 Religion/Inspiration 1.2.20 Contemporary Affairs 1.2.21 Contemporary Thought 1.2.22 Current Interest 1.2.23 General Reference Books 1.2.24 Translation 1.2.25 Children's Literature 1.2.26 Children's Books 1.2.27 Children's Books, Fiction 1.2.28 Children's Books, Non-fiction 1.2.29 Children's Books, Picture Books 2 Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters 3 Literarian Award 4 See also 5 External links

[edit] Winners of the National Book Awards

[edit] Current categories

[edit] Fiction

1950	Nelson Algren	The Man with the Golden Arm
1951	William Faulkner	The Collected Stories of William Faulkner
1952	James Jones	From Here to Eternity
1953	Ralph Ellison	Invisible Man
1954	Saul Bellow	The Adventures of Augie March
1955	William Faulkner	A Fable
1956	John O'Hara	Ten North Frederick
1957	Wright Morris	The Field of Vision
1958	John Cheever	The Wapshot Chronicle
1959	Bernard Malamud	The Magic Barrel
1960	Philip Roth	Goodbye, Columbus
1961	Conrad Richter	The Waters of Kronos
1962	Walker Percy	The Moviegoer
1963	J. F. Powers	Morte D'Urban
1964	John Updike	The Centaur
1965	Saul Bellow	Herzog
1966	Katherine Anne Porter	The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter
1967	Bernard Malamud	The Fixer
1968	Thornton Wilder	The Eighth Day
1969	Jerzy Kosinski	Steps
1970	Joyce Carol Oates	Them
1971	Saul Bellow	Mr. Sammler's Planet
1972	Flannery O'Connor	The Complete Stories of Flannery O'Connor
1973	John Barth	Chimera
1973	John Williams	Augustus
1974	Thomas Pynchon	Gravity's Rainbow
1974	Isaac Bashevis Singer	A Crown of Feathers and Other Stories
1975	Robert Stone	Dog Soldiers
1975	Thomas Williams	The Hair of Harold Roux
1976	William Gaddis	J R
1977	Wallace Stegner	The Spectator Bird
1978	Mary Lee Settle	Blood Ties
1979	Tim O'Brien	Going After Cacciato
1980 Hardcover	William Styron	Sophie's Choice
1980 Paperback	John Irving	The World According to Garp
1981 Hardcover	Wright Morris	Plains Song
1981 Paperback	John Cheever	The Stories of John Cheever
1982 Hardcover	John Updike	Rabbit is Rich
1982 Paperback	William Maxwell	So Long, See You Tomorrow
1983 Hardcover	Alice Walker	The Color Purple
1983 Paperback	Eudora Welty	Collected Stories of Eudora Welty
1984	Ellen Gilchrist	Victory Over Japan: A Book of Stories
1985	Don DeLillo	White Noise
1986	E.L. Doctorow	World's Fair
1987	Larry Heinemann	Paco's Story
1988	Pete Dexter	Paris Trout
1989	John Casey	Spartina
1990	Charles Johnson	Middle Passage
1991	Norman Rush	Mating
1992	Cormac McCarthy	All the Pretty Horses
1993	E. Annie Proulx	The Shipping News
1994	William Gaddis	A Frolic of His Own
1995	Philip Roth	Sabbath's Theater
1996	Andrea Barrett	Ship Fever and Other Stories
1997	Charles Frazier	Cold Mountain
1998	Alice McDermott	Charming Billy
1999	Ha Jin	Waiting
2000	Susan Sontag	In America
2001	Jonathan Franzen	The Corrections
2002	Julia Glass	Three Junes
2003	Shirley Hazzard	The Great Fire
2004	Lily Tuck	The News from Paraguay
2005	William Vollmann	Europe Central
2006	Richard Powers	The Echo Maker

[edit] Nonfiction

1950	Ralph L. Rusk	Ralph Waldo Emerson (article on Ralph Waldo Emerson)
1951	Newton Arvin	Herman Melville (article on Herman Melville)
1952	Rachel Carson	The Sea Around Us
1953	Bernard A. De Voto	The Course of Empire
1954	Bruce Catton	A Stillness at Appomattox
1955	Joseph Wood Krutch	The Measure of Man
1956	Herbert Kubly	An American in Italy
1957	George F. Kennan	Russia Leaves the War
1958	Catherine Drinker Bowen	The Lion and the Throne (article on Edward Coke)
1959	J. Christopher Herold	Mistress to an Age: A Life of Madame De Stael
1960	Richard Ellmann	James Joyce (article on James Joyce}
1961	William L. Shirer	The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
1962	Lewis Mumford	The City in History: Its Origins, its Transformations and its Prospects
1963	Leon Edel	Henry James, Vol. II: The Conquest of London, Henry James, Vol. III: The Middle Years
1984	Robert V. Remini	Andrew Jackson & the Course of American Democracy, 1833-1845 (article on Andrew Jackson)
1985	J. Anthony Lukas	Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three American Families
1986	Barry Lopez	Arctic Dreams
1987	Richard Rhodes	The Making of the Atom Bomb
1988	Neil Sheehan	A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam (article on John Paul Vann)
1989	Thomas L. Friedman	From Beirut to Jerusalem
1990	Ron Chernow	The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance
1991	Orlando Patterson	Freedom
1992	Paul Monette	Becoming a Man: Half a Life Story
1993	Gore Vidal	United States: Essays 1952-1992
1994	Sherwin B. Nuland	How We Die: Reflections on Life's Final Chapter
1995	Tina Rosenberg	The Haunted Land: Facing Europe's Ghosts After Communism
1996	James P. Carroll	An American Requiem: God, My Father, and the War that Came Between Us
1997	Joseph J. Ellis	American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson
1998	Edward Ball	Slaves in the Family
1999	John W. Dower	Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II
2000	Nathaniel Philbrick	In the Heart of the Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex
2001	Andrew Solomon	The Noonday Demon: An Atlas of Depression
2002	Robert A. Caro	Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson
2003	Carlos Eire	Waiting for Snow in Havana: Confessions of a Cuban Boy
2004	Kevin Boyle	Arc of Justice: A Saga of Race, Civil Rights, and Murder in the Jazz Age
2005	Joan Didion	The Year of Magical Thinking
2006	Timothy Egan	The Worst Hard Time: The Untold Story of Those Who Survived the Great American Dust Bowl

[edit] Poetry

See: National Book Award for Poetry

2006		Nathaniel Mackey	Splay Anthem
2005		W. S. Merwin	Migration: New & Selected Poems
2004		Jean Valentine	Door in the Mountain: New and Collected Poems, 1965-2003
2003		C.K. Williams	The Singing
2002		Ruth Stone	In the Next Galaxy
2001		Alan Dugan	Poems Seven: New and Complete Poetry
2000		Lucille Clifton	Blessing the Boats: New and Selected Poems 1988-2000
1999		Ai	Vice: New & Selected Poems
1998		Gerald Stern	This Time: New and Selected Poems
1997		William Meredith	Effort at Speech: New & Selected Poems
1996		Hayden Carruth	Scrambled Eggs & Whiskey
1995		Stanley Kunitz	Passing Through: The Later Poems
1994		James Tate	A Worshipful Company of Fletchers
1993		A. R. Ammons	Garbage
1992		Mary Oliver	New & Selected Poems
1991		Philip Levine	What Work Is
1990		No Award
1989		No Award
1988		No Award
1987		No Award
1986		No Award
1985		No Award
1983		Charles Wright	Country Music: Selected Early Poems
1983		Galway Kinnell	Selected Poems
1982		William Bronk	Life Supports: New and Collected Poems
1981		Lisel Mueller	The Need to Hold Still
1980		Philip Levine	Ashes
1979		James Merrill	Mirabell: Book of Numbers
1978		Howard Nemerov	The Collected Poems of Howard Nemerov
1977		Richard Eberhart	Collected Poems, 1930-1976
1976		John Ashbery	Self-portrait in a Convex Mirror
1975		Marilyn Hacker	Presentation Piece
1974		Adrienne Rich	Diving into the Wreck: Poems 1971-1972
1974		Allen Ginsberg	The Fall of America: Poems of these States, 1965-1971
1973		A. R. Ammons	Collected Poems, 1951-1971
1972		Howard Moss	Selected Poems
1972		Frank O'Hara	The Collected Works of Frank O'Hara
1971		Mona Van Duyn	To See, To Take
1970		Elizabeth Bishop	The Complete Poems
1969		John Berryman	His Toy, His Dream, His Rest
1968		Robert Bly	The Light Around the Body
1967		James Merrill	Nights and Days
1966		James Dickey	Buckdancer's Choice: Poems
1965		Theodore Roethke	The Far Field
1964		John Crowe Ransom	Selected Poems
1963		William Stafford	Traveling Through the Dark
1962		Alan Dugan	Poems
1961		Randall Jarrell	The Woman at the Washington Zoo
1960		Robert Lowell	Life Studies
1959		Theodore Roethke	Words for the Wind
1958		Robert Penn Warren	Promises: Poems, 1954-1956
1957		Richard Wilbur	Things of This World
1956		W.H. Auden	The Shield of Achilles
1955		Wallace Stevens	The Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens
1954		Conrad Aiken	Collected Poems
1953		Archibald MacLeish	Collected Poems, 1917-1952
1952		Marianne Moore	Collected Poems
1951		Wallace Stevens	The Auroras of Autumn
1950		William Carlos Williams	Paterson: Book III and Selected Poems

[edit] Young People's Literature

1996	Victor Martinez	Parrott In the Oven: MiVida
1997	Han Nolan	Dancing on the Edge
1998	Louis Sachar	Holes
1999	Kimberly Willis Holt	When Zachary Beaver Came to Town
2000	Gloria Whelan	Homeless Bird
2001	Virginia Euwer Wolff	True Believer
2002	Nancy Farmer	The House of the Scorpion
2003	Polly Horvath	The Canning Season
2004	Pete Hautman	Godless
2005	Jeanne Birdsall	The Penderwicks: A Summer Tale of Four Sisters, Two Rabbits, and a Very Interesting Boy
2006	M.T. Anderson	The Astonishing Life of Octavian Nothing, Traitor to the Nation, Vol. I

[edit] Previous categories

In 1964, the categories Arts and Letters, History and Biography & Science, Philosophy and Religion categories had the addendum (Nonfiction).

In 1981, Children's Books, Fiction was called Children's Book, Fiction; and in 1983 it was called Children's Fiction.

In 1981, Children's Books, Non-fiction was called Children's Book, Nonfiction.

In 1983 Children's Books, Picture Books was called Children's Books, Picture Books.

[edit] First Novel

1980	William Wharton	Birdy
1981	Ann Arensberg	Sister Wolf
1982	Robb Forman Dew	Dale Loves Sophie to Death
1983	Gloria Naylor	The Women of Brewster Place

[edit] First Work of Fiction

1984	Harriet Doerr	Stones for Ibarra
1985	Bob Shacochis	Easy in the Islands

[edit] Science Fiction

1980 Hardcover	Frederik Pohl	Jem
1980 Paperback	Walter Wangerin, Jr.	The Book of the Dun Cow

1991 PaperbackRay BradburyFahrenheit 451

[edit] Mystery

1980 Hardcover

John D. MacDonald

The Green Ripper

[edit] Western

1980

Louis L'Amour

Bendigo Shafter

[edit] Original Paperback

1983

Lisa Goldstein

The Red Magician

[edit] General Nonfiction

1980 Hardcover	Tom Wolfe	The Right Stuff
1980 Paperback	Peter Matthiessen	The Snow Leopard
1981 Hardcover	Maxine Hong Kingston	China Men
1981 Paperback	Jane Kramer	The Last Cowboy
1982 Hardcover	Tracy Kidder	The Soul of a New Machine
1982 Paperback	Victor S. Navasky	Naming Names
1983 Hardcover	Fox Butterfield	China: Alive in the Bitter Sea
1983 Paperback	James Fallows	National Defense

[edit] Arts and Letters

1964	Aileen Ward	John Keats: The Making of a Poet
1965	Eleanor Clark	The Oysters of Locmariaquer
1966	Janet Flanner	Paris Journal, 1944-1965
1967	Justin Kaplan	Mr. Clemens and Mark Twain: A Biography
1968	William Troy	Selected Essays
1969	Norman Mailer	The Armies of the Night: History as a Novel, The Novel as History
1970	Lillian Hellman	An Unfinished Woman: A Memoir
1971	Francis Steegmuller	Cocteau: A Biography
1972	Charles Rosen	The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven
1973	Arthur M. Wilson	Diderot
1974	Pauline Kael	Deeper Into Movies
1975	Roger Shattuck	Marcel Proust
1975	Lewis Thomas	The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher (also won The Sciences award)
1976	Paul Fussell	The Great War and Modern Memory

[edit] History and Biography

1964	William H. McNeill	The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community
1965	Louis Fischer	The Life of Lenin
1966	Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.	A Thousand Days
1967	Peter Gay	The Enlightenment, Vol. I: An Interpretation the Rise of Modern Paganism
1968	George F. Kennan	Memoirs: 1925-1950
1969	Winthrop D. Jordan	White over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550-1812
1970	T. Harry Williams	Huey Long
1971	James MacGregor Burns	Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom
1976	David Brion Davis	The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770-1823

[edit] History

1972	Allan Nevins	Ordeal of the Union, Vols. VII & VIII: The Organized War, 1863-1864 and The Organized War to Victory
1973	Robert Manson Myers	The Children of Pride Isaiah Trunk
1973	Isaiah Trunk	Judenrat
1974	John Clive	Macaulay: The Shaping of the Historian (also won Biography award)
1975	Bernard Bailyn	The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson (article on Thomas Hutchinson)
1977	Irving Howe	World of Our Fathers
1978	David McCullough	The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal 1870-1914
1979	Richard Beale Davis	Intellectual Life in the Colonial South, 1585-1763
1980 Hardcover	Henry A. Kissinger	The White House (Kissinger)
1980 Paperback	Barbara W. Tuchman	A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century
1981 Hardcover	John Boswell	Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality
1981 Paperback	Leon F. Litwack	Been in the Storm so Long: The Aftermath of Slavery
1982 Hardcover	Father Peter John Powell	People of the Sacred Mountain: A History of the Northern Cheyenne Chiefs and Warrior Societies, 1830-1879
1982 Paperback	Robert Wohl	The Generation of 1914
1983 Hardcover	Alan Brinkley	Voices of Protest: Huey Long, Father Coughlin and the Great Depression
1983 Paperback	Frank E. Manuel & Fritzie P. Manuel	Utopian Thought in the Western World

[edit] Biography

1972	Joseph P. Lash	Eleanor and Franklin: The Story of Their Relationship, Based on Eleanor Roosevelt's Private Papers
1973	James Thomas Flexner	George Washington, Vol. IV: Anguish and Farewell, 1793-1799
1974	John Clive	Macaulay: The Shaping of the Historian (also won History award)
1974	Douglas Day	Malcolm Lowry: A Biography
1975	Richard B. Sewall	The Life of Emily Dickinson
1980 Hardcover	Edmund Morris	The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt
1980 Paperback	A. Scott Berg	Max Perkins: Editor of Genius

[edit] Biography and Autobiography

1977	W. A. Swanberg	Norman Thomas: The Last Idealist
1978	W. Jackson Bate	Samuel Johnson
1979	Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.	Robert Kennedy and His Times

[edit] Autobiography

1980 Hardcover	Lauren Bacall	Lauren Bacall by Myself
1980 Paperback	Malcolm Cowley	And I Worked at the Writer's Trade: Chapters of Literary History 1918-1978

[edit] Autobiography/Biography

1981 Hardcover	Justin Kaplan	Walt Whitman
1981 Paperback	Deirdre Bair	Samuel Beckett
1982 Hardcover	David McCullough	Mornings on Horseback
1982 Paperback	Ronald Steel	Walter Lippmann and the American Century
1983 Hardcover	Judith Thurman	Isak Dinesen: The Life of a Storyteller
1983 Paperback	James R. Mellow	Nathaniel Hawthorne in His Time

[edit] Science, Philosophy and Religion

1964	Christopher Tunnard & Boris Pushkarev	Man-made America
1965	Norbert Wiener	God and Golem, Inc: A Comment on Certain Points where Cybernetics Impinges on Religion
1967	Oscar Lewis	La Vida
1968	Jonathan Kozol	Death at an Early Age

[edit] The Sciences

1969	Robert J. Lifton	Death in Life: Survivors of Hiroshima
1971	Raymond Phineas Sterns	Science in the British Colonies of America
1972	George L. Small	The Blue Whale
1973	George B. Schaller	The Serengeti Lion: A Study of Predator-Prey Relations
1974	S. E. Luria	Life: The Unfinished Experiment
1975	Silvano Arieti	Interpretation of Schizophrenia
1975	Lewis Thomas	The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher (also won Arts and Letters award)

[edit] Science

1980 Hardcover	Douglas Hofstadter	Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid
1980 Paperback	Gary Zukav	The Dancing Wu Li Masters: An Overview of the New Physics
1981 Hardcover	Stephen Jay Gould	The Panda's Thumb: More Reflections on Natural History
1981 Paperback	Lewis Thomas	The Medusa and the Snail
1982 Hardcover	Donald C. Johanson & Maitland A. Edey	Lucy: The Beginnings of Humankind
1982 Paperback	Fred Alan Wolf	Taking the Quantum Leap: The New Physics for Nonscientists
1983 Hardcover	Abraham Pais	"Subtle is the Lord...": The Science and Life of Albert Einstein
1983 Paperback	Philip J. Davis & Reuben Hersh	The Mathematical Experience
1983 Paperback	Joyce Carol Thomas	Marked by Fire

[edit] Philosophy and Religion

1970	Erik H. Erikson	Gandhi's Truth: On the Origins of Militant Nonviolence
1972	Martin E. Marty	Righteous Empire: The Protestant Experience in America
1973	S. E. Ahlstrom	A Religious History of the American People
1974	Maurice Natanson	Edmund Husserl: Philosopher of Infinite Tasks
1975	Robert Nozick	Anarchy, State, and Utopia

[edit] Religion/Inspiration

1980 Hardcover	Elaine Pagels	The Gnostic Gospels
1980 Paperback	Sheldon Vanauken	A Severe Mercy

[edit] Contemporary Affairs

1972	Stewart Brand (ed.)	The Last Whole Earth Catalogue
1973	Frances FitzGerald	Fire in the Lake: The Vietnamese and the Americans in Vietnam
1974	Murray Kempton	The Briar Patch
1975	Theodore Rosengarten	All God's Dangers: The Life of Nate Shaw
1976	Michael J. Arlen	Passage to Ararat

[edit] Contemporary Thought

1977	Bruno Bettelheim	The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales
1978	Gloria Emerson	Winners & Losers
1979	Peter Matthiessen	The Snow Leopard

[edit] Current Interest

1980 Hardcover	Julia Child	Julia Child and More Company
1980 Paperback	Christopher Lasch	The Culture of Narcissism

[edit] General Reference Books

1980 Hardcover	Elder Witt (ed.)	The Complete Directory
1980 Paperback	Tim Brooks & Earle Marsh	The Complete Directory of Prime Time Network TV Shows: 1946-Present

[edit] Translation

1967	Gregory Rabassa	Julio Cortázar's Hopscotch
1967	Willard Trask	Casanova's History of My Life
1968	Howard & Edna Hong	Søren Kierkegaard's Journals and Papers
1969	William Weaver	Italo Calvino's Cosmicomics
1970	Ralph Manheim	Céline's Castle to Castle
1971	Frank Jones	Bertolt Brecht's Saint Joan of the Stockyards
1971	Edward G. Seidensticker	Yasunari Kawabata's The Sound of The Mountain
1972	Austryn Wainhouse	Jacques Monod's Chance and Necessity
1973	Allen Mandelbaum	The Aeneid of Virgil
1974	Karen Brazell	The Confessions of Lady Nijo
1974	Helen R. Lane	Octavio Paz's Alternating Current
1974	Jackson Matthews	Paul Valéry's Monsieur Teste
1975	Anthony Kerrigan	Miguel de Unamuno's The Agony of Christianity and Essays on Faith
1977	Li-Li Ch'en	Master Tung's Western Chamber Romance
1978	Howard Nemerov	Uwe George's In the Deserts of This Earth
1979	Clayton Eshleman & Jose Rubin Barcia	César Vallejo's The Complete Posthumous Poetry
1980	William Arrowsmith	Cesare Pavese's Hard Labor
1980	Jane Gary Harris & Constance Link	Osip E. Mandelstam's Complete Critical Prose and Letters
1981	Francis Steegmuller	The Letters of Gustave Flaubert
1981	John E. Woods	Arno Schmidt's Evening Edged in Gold
1982	Robert Lyons Danly	Higuchi Ichiyo's In the Shade of Spring Leaves
1982	Ian Hideo Levy	The Ten Thousand Leaves: A Translation of The Man'Yoshu, Japan's Premier Anthology of Classical Poetry
1983	Richard Howard	Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du mal

[edit] Children's Literature

1969	Meindert DeJong	Journey from Peppermint Street
1976	Walter D. Edmonds	Bert Breen's Barn
1977	Katherine Paterson	The Master Puppeteer
1978	Judith & Herbert Kohl	The View From the Oak
1979	Katherine Paterson	The Great Gilly Hopkins

[edit] Children's Books

1970

Isaac Bashevis Singer

A Day of Pleasure: Stories of a Boy Growing up in Wars