National Institute of Mental Health
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Authorized: | 1946 |
| Established: | April 14, 1949 |
| Director: | Thomas R. Insel |
| Deputy Director: | Richard K. Nakamura |
| Budget: | $1.4 Billion (2005) |
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)[1] is one of 27 components of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the United States federal government's principal biomedical and behavioral research agency. NIH is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The NIMH was authorized by President Harry S. Truman on July 3 1946 and was formally established on April 15 1949 as one of the four founding institutes of the NIH. The NIMH is divided into two parts: the Extramural Program is responsible for the funding of mental health research throughout the country, while scientists in the NIMH Intramural Program conduct research on the main NIH campus in Bethesda, Maryland, and surrounding areas.
The mission of NIMH is to reduce the burden of mental illness and behavioral disorders through research on mind, brain and behavior. The Institute works towards this mission by: conducting research on mental disorders and the underlying basic science of brain and behavior; supporting research on these topics at universities and hospitals around the United States; collecting, analyzing, and disseminating information on the causes, occurrence, and treatment of mental illnesses; supporting the training of more than 1,000 scientists to carry out basic and clinical research; and communicating information to scientists, the public, the news media, and primary care and mental health professionals about mental illnesses, the brain, behavior, mental health, and opportunities and advances in research in these areas.
[edit] Extramural and Intramural Research
NIMH funds research by scientists across the country as well as in NIMH studies in the internal research program. Through its extramural program, NIMH supports more than 2,000 research grants and contracts at universities and other institutions across the country and overseas. Investigators propose projects themselves through grant applications and must apply for renewals at intervals in order to receive continued funding.
Approximately 500 scientists work in the NIMH intramural research program. Intramural scientists range from molecular biologists working in laboratories to clinical researchers working with patients at the NIH Clinical Center. Although guided by a rigorous peer review system, intramural scientists are accorded unique flexibility in rapidly following up research leads and unexpected opportunities. Also, because it involves basic science as well as clinical trials, the program is structured to facilitate interdisciplinary studies.
[edit] NIMH Extramural Research Programs
NIMH research areas are organized within programs that fall in five separate Extramural research divisions. These links take you to the divisions' home pages.
Division of Neuroscience and Basic Behavioral Science (DNBBS) Supports research programs in basic neuroscience, genetics, basic behavioral science, research training, resource and technology development and drug discovery.
Division of Adult Translational Research and Treatment Development (DATR) Supports translational research on the mechanisms of adult psychopathology and the development of novel treatment approaches for adult mental disorders.
Division of Pediatric Translational Research and Treatment Development (DPTR) Supports integrated research and research training that translates knowledge from basic/behavioral science into a better understanding of pediatric psychopathology and the development of novel treatment and prevention strategies.
Division of AIDS and Health and Behavior Research (DAHBR) Supports research on mechanisms and interventions on the interrelationship of physical and mental health and includes the Center for Mental Health Research on AIDS.
Division of Services and Intervention Research (DSIR) Supports research that evaluates the effectiveness of treatment and preventive mental health interventions and mental health services research.
[edit] NIMH Division of Intramural Research Programs (DIRP)
NIMH DIRP scientists conduct research ranging from studies into mechanisms of normal brain function, conducted at the behavioral, systems, cellular, and molecular levels, to clinical investigations into the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental illness. Major disease entities studied throughout the lifespan include mood disorders and anxiety, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders. Because of its outstanding resources, unique funding mechanisms, and location in the nation’s capital, the DIRP is viewed as a national resource, providing unique opportunities in mental health research and research training.
Training is conducted in all the Institute’s clinical branches and basic neuroscience laboratories located on the 305-acre National Institutes of Health campus in Bethesda, Maryland. In addition to individualized trainee/mentor-driven postdoctoral training opportunities in the clinical and basic sciences, the DIRP offers Postbaccalaureate Research Training Awards, a Clinical Electives Program, as well as a variety of Summer Research Fellowships and an Undergraduate Internship Program.
[edit] Clinical Trials
NIMH conducts a large number of research studies with patients who have mental health disorders. Studies are performed at the NIH Clinical Center (CC), a hospital dedicated to the highest quality research. The NIH CC is located in Bethesda, Maryland, near Washington, D.C. If you qualify for a study, then study-related evaluation, treatment and, in some cases, transportation to NIH are provided without cost to you or your health plan.
For more information about NIMH Clinical Trials click here.
[edit] Information about Mental Disorders
[edit] Anxiety Disorders
- Anxiety is a normal reaction to stress. It helps one deal with a tense situation in the office, study harder for an exam, keep focused on an important speech. In general, it helps one cope. But when anxiety becomes an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations, it has become a disabling disorder
[edit] Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD, is one of the most common mental disorders that develop in children. Children with ADHD have impaired functioning in multiple settings, including home, school, and in relationships with peers. If untreated, the disorder can have long-term adverse effects into adolescence and adulthood.
[edit] Autism Spectrum Disorders (Pervasive Developmental Disorders)
- Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)cause severe and pervasive impairment in thinking, feeling, language, and the ability to relate to others. These disorders are usually first diagnosed in early childhood and range from a severe form, called autistic disorder, through pervasive development disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), to a much milder form, Asperger syndrome. They also include two rare disorders, Rett syndrome and childhood disintegrative disorder.
[edit] Bipolar Disorder
- Bipolar Disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a serious medical illness that causes shifts in a person's mood, energy, and ability to function. Different from the normal ups and downs that everyone goes through, the symptoms of bipolar disorder are severe.
[edit] Borderline Personality Disorder
- Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious mental illness characterized by pervasive instability in moods, interpersonal relationships, self-image, and behavior. This instability often disrupts family and work life, long-term planning, and the individual's sense of self-identity.
[edit] Depression
- Depression is a serious medical illness; it’s not something that you have made up in your head. It’s more than just feeling "down in the dumps" or "blue" for a few days. It’s feeling "down" and "low" and "hopeless" for weeks at a time.
[edit] Eating Disorders
- Eating disorders are not due to a failure of will or behavior; rather, they are real, treatable medical illnesses in which certain maladaptive patterns of eating take on a life of their own. The main types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Eating disorders frequently develop during adolescence or early adulthood, but some reports indicate their onset can occur during childhood or later in adulthood.
[edit] Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
- People with generalized anxiety disorder can't seem to shake their concerns. Their worries are accompanied by physical symptoms, especially fatigue, headaches, muscle tension, muscle aches, difficulty swallowing, trembling, twitching, irritability, sweating, and hot flashes.
[edit] Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, OCD, is an anxiety disorder and is characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Repetitive behaviors such as handwashing, counting, checking, or cleaning are often performed with the hope of preventing obsessive thoughts or making them go away. Performing these so-called "rituals," however, provides only temporary relief, and not performing them markedly increases anxiety.
[edit] Panic Disorder
- Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder and is characterized by unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms that may include chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or abdominal distress.
[edit] Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, is an anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical harm occurred or was threatened. Traumatic events that may trigger PTSD include violent personal assaults, natural or human-caused disasters, accidents, or military combat.
[edit] Schizophrenia
- Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder that affects about 1 percent of people all over the world. People with schizophrenia sometimes hear voices others don’t hear, believe that others are broadcasting their thoughts to the world, or become convinced that others are plotting to harm them. These experiences can make them fearful and withdrawn and cause difficulties when they try to have relationships with others.
[edit] Social Phobia
- Social Phobia, or Social Anxiety Disorder, is an anxiety disorder characterized by overwhelming anxiety and excessive self-consciousness in everyday social situations. Social phobia can be limited to only one type of situation — such as a fear of speaking in formal or informal situations, or eating or drinking in front of others — or, in its most severe form, may be so broad that a person experiences symptoms almost anytime they are around other people.
Find More Information at the NIMH Official Website
[edit] History of NIMH
[edit] 1946 - 1950
1946 – On July 3 President Harry S. Truman signs the National Mental Health Act, which called for the establishment of a National Institute of Mental Health. The first meeting of the National Advisory Mental Health Council (NAMHC) was held on August 15. Because no federal funds had yet been appropriated for the new institute, the Greentree Foundation financed the meeting.
1947 – On July 1 the PHS Division of Mental Hygiene awarded the first mental health research grant (MH-1) entitled "Basic Nature of the Learning Process" to Dr. Winthrop N. Kellogg of Indiana University.
1949 – On April 15 the NIMH was formally established; it was one of the first four NIH institutes.
[edit] 1951 - 1960
1955 – The Mental Health Study Act of 1955 (P.L. 84-182) called for "an objective, thorough, nationwide analysis and reevaluation of the human and economic problems of mental health." The resulting Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health issued a report, Action for Mental Health that was researched and published under the sponsorship of 36 organizations making up the Commission.
[edit] 1961 - 1970
1961 – Action for Mental Health, a 10-volume series, assessed mental health conditions and resources throughout the United States "to arrive at a national program that would approach adequacy in meeting the individual needs of the mentally ill people of America." Transmitted to Congress on December 31, 1960, the report commanded the attention of President John F. Kennedy, who established a cabinet level interagency committee to examine the recommendations and determine an appropriate federal response.
1963 – President Kennedy submitted a special message to Congress – the first Presidential message to Congress on mental health issues. Energized by the President's focus, Congress quickly passed the Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act (P.L. 88-164), beginning a new era in Federal support for mental health services. NIMH assumed responsibility for monitoring the Nation's community mental health centers (CMHC) programs.
1965 – During the mid-1960s, NIMH launched an extensive attack on special mental health problems. Part of this was a response to President Lyndon Johnson's pledge to apply scientific research to social problems. The Institute established centers for research on schizophrenia, child and family mental health, suicide, as well as crime and delinquency, minority group mental health problems, urban problems, and later, rape, aging, and technical assistance to victims of natural disasters. A provision in the Social Security Amendments of 1965 (P.L. 89-97) provided funds and a framework for a new Joint Commission on the Mental Health of Children to recommend national action for child mental health.
Also in this year, staffing amendments to the CMHC act authorized grants to help pay the salaries of professional and technical personnel in federally funded Community Mental Health Centers.
Alcohol abuse and alcoholism did not receive full recognition as a major public health problem until the mid-1960s, when the National Center for Prevention and Control of Alcoholism was established as part of NIMH; a research program on drug abuse was inaugurated within NIMH with the establishment of the Center for Studies of Narcotic and Drug Abuse.
1967 – NIMH separated from NIH and was given Bureau status within PHS by reorganization effective January 1. However, NIMH's intramural research program, which conducted studies in the NIH Clinical Center and other NIH facilities, remained at NIH under an agreement for joint administration between NIH and NIMH.
On August 13 DHEW Secretary John W. Gardner transferred St. Elizabeth's Hospital, the Federal Government's only civilian psychiatric hospital, to NIMH.
1968 – NIMH became a component of PHS's Health Services and Mental Health Administration (HSMHA).
1970 – Dr. Julius Axelrod, an NIMH researcher, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for research into the chemistry of nerve transmission for "discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanisms for their storage, release and inactivation." He found an enzyme that terminated the action of the nerve transmitter, noradrenaline in the synapse and which also served as a critical target of many antidepressant drugs.
In a major development that reaped untold benefits for people suffering from manic-depressive illness (bipolar disorder), the FDA approved the use of lithium as a treatment for mania, based upon NIMH research. The treatment led to sharp drops in inpatient days and suicides among people with this serious mental illness and to immense savings in the economic costs associated with bipolar disorder.
Also during this year, the Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation Act (P.L. 91-616) established the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism within NIMH.
[edit] 1971 - 1980
1972 – The Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act established a National Institute on Drug Abuse within NIMH.
1973 – NIMH went through a series of organizational moves. The Institute temporarily rejoined NIH on July 1 with the abolishment of HSMHA. Then, the DHEW secretary administratively established the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA) – composed of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and NIMH – as the successor organization to HSMHA.
1974 – ADAMHA was officially established on May 4 when President Richard Nixon signed P.L. 93-282.
1975 – The community mental health centers program was given added impetus with the passage of the CMHC amendments of 1975.
1977 – President Jimmy Carter established the President's Commission on Mental Health on February 17 by Executive Order No. 11973. The commission was charged to review the mental health needs of the Nation, and to make recommendations to the President as to how best meet these needs. First Lady Rosalyn Carter served as the Honorary Chair of the commission.
1978 – The 4-volume Report to the President from the President's Commission on Mental Health was submitted.
1980 – The Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study, an unprecedented research effort that entailed interviews with a nationally representative sample of 20,000 Americans was launched. The field interviews and first wave analyses were completed in 1985. Data from the ECA provided an accurate picture of rates of mental and addictive disorders and services usage.
The Mental Health Systems Act – based on recommendations of the President's Commission on Mental Health and designed to provide improved services for persons with mental disorders – was passed. NIMH also participated in development of the National Plan for the Chronically Mentally Ill, a sweeping effort to improve services and fine-tune various Federal entitlement programs for those with severe, persistent mental disorders.
[edit] 1981 - 1990
1981 – President Ronald Reagan signed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981. This act repealed the Mental Health Systems Act and consolidated ADAMHA's treatment and rehabilitation service programs into a single block grant that enabled each State to administer its allocated funds. With the repeal of the community mental health legislation and the establishment of block grants, the Federal role in services to the mentally ill became one of providing technical assistance to increase the capacity of State and local providers of mental health services.
Dr. Louis Sokoloff, an intramural NIMH researcher, received the Albert Lasker Award in Clinical Medical Research for developing a new method of measuring brain function that contributed to basic understanding and diagnosis of brain diseases. His technique, which measures the brain's utilization of glucose, made possible exciting new applications positron emission tomography, or PET scanning, the first imaging technology that permitted scientists to "observe" and obtain visual images of the living, functioning brain.
Dr. Roger Sperry, a longtime NIMH research grantee, received the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology for discoveries regarding the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres, or the "left" and "right" brain.
1983 – NIMH-funded investigator Fernando Nottebohm discovered the formation of new neurons in brains of adult song-birds; this evidence of "neurogenesis" opened an exciting and clinically promising new line of research in brain science; it was 15 years, however, before investigators reported finding evidence for continued neurogenesis in the brains of adult human subjects.
1987 – Administrative control of St. Elizabeth's Hospital is transferred from the NIMH to the District of Columbia. NIMH retained research facilities on the grounds of the hospital.
1989 – Congress passed a resolution, subsequently signed as a proclamation by President George Bush, designating the 1990s as the "Decade of the Brain."
The NIMH Neuroscience Center and the NIMH Neuropsychiatric Research Hospital, located on the grounds of St. Elizabeth's Hospital, were dedicated on September 25.
[edit] 1991 - 2000
1992 – Congress passed the ADAMHA Reorganization Act (P.L. 102-321), abolishing ADAMHA. The research components of NIAAA, NIDA and NIMH rejoined NIH, while the services components of each institute became part of a new PHS agency, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The return to NIH and the loss of services functions to SAMHSA necessitated a realignment of the NIMH extramural program administrative organization. New offices are created for research on Prevention, Special Populations, Rural Mental Health and AIDS.
1993 – NIMH -- The National Institute Of Mental Health -- established the Silvio O. Conte Centers program to provide a unifying research framework for collaborations to pursue newly formed hypotheses of brain-behavior relationships in mental illness through innovative research designs and state-of-the-art technologies.
NIMH also known as "The National Insitite For Mental Health" or "The National Institute of Mental Health" established the Human Brain Project to develop, through cutting-edge imaging, computer, and network technologies, a comprehensive neuroscience database accessible via an international computer network.
1994 – Intramural Research Program Revitalization – The House Appropriations Committee mandated that the director of NIH conduct a review of the role, size, and cost of all NIH intramural research programs (IRP). NIMH, The National Institute Of Mental Health -- and the NAMHC -- National Ambulance for Mental Health Copyrighters -- initiated a major study of the NIMH Intramural Research Program. The planning committee recommended continued investment in the IRP and recommended specific administrative changes; many of these were implemented upon release of the committee's final report; other changes – for example, the establishment of a major new program on Mood and Anxiety Disorders – have been introduced in the years since.
1996 – NIMH, with the NAMHC, initiated systematic reviews of a number of areas of its research portfolio, including the genetics of mental disorders; epidemiology and services for child and adolescent populations; prevention research; clinical treatment and services research. At the request of the National Institute for Mental Health director, the NAMH Council established programmatic groups in each of these areas. NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health) continued to implement recommendations issued by these Workgroups.
Childhood Mental Disorders Research Prioritization – NIMH increased the priority placed on research on childhood mental disorders and clinical neuroscience and initiated efforts to expand research in these areas.
Implementation of Human Subjects Protection in Clinical Research The National Institute for Mental Health expanded its efforts to safeguard and improve the protections of human subjects who participate in clinical mental health research.
1996-1998 – Peer Review Integration in Neuroscience, Behavioral Science, and AIDS – NIMH a.k.a. (Also Known As) National Institute of Mental Health initiated planning for integration of the Institute's peer review system for neuroscience, behavioral and social science and AIDS research applications into the overall NIH peer review system.
1997 – Extramural Program Reorganization – NIMH, the National Institute of Mental Health, realigned its extramural organizational structure to capitalize on new technologies and approaches to both basic and clinical science, as well as immense changes that have occurred in health care delivery systems, while retaining the Institute's focus on mental illness. The new extramural organization resulted in three research divisions: Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Research; Services and Intervention Research; and Mental Disorders, Behavioral Research and AIDS.
1997-1999 – N.I.M.H. - standing for The National Institute for Mental Health - refocused career development resources on early careers and added new mechanisms for clinical research.
1999 – The NIMH Neuroscience Center/Neuropsychiatric Research Hospital was relocated from St. Elizabeth's Hospital in Washington, D.C. to the NIH Campus in Bethesda, MD, in response to the recommendations of the 1996 review of the NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health) Intramural Research Program by the IRP Planning Committee.
The first White House Conference on Mental Health, held June 7, in Washington, DC, brought together national leaders, mental health scientific and clinical personnel, patients, and consumers to discuss needs and opportunities. The National Institute on Mental Health developed materials and helped organize the conference.
The National Institute for Mental Health convened its fourth rural mental health research conference in August. "Mental Health at the Frontier: Alaska," was held in Anchorage, with visits by researchers and program representatives to several towns and villages. The aim was to solicit assistance in the development of a research agenda focusing on mental health issues for people who live in rural or frontier areas, with a focus on the needs of Alaska Natives.
NIMH, also known as the NATIONAL INSTITUE OF MENTAL HEALTH hosted "Dialogue: Texas," which was the first in a series of mental health forums to solicit input from the public on the direction of future research at N.I.M.H. (National Institute of Mental Health) and to highlight current research. Held in San Antonio, the forum provided Texas consumers, researchers, care providers, and policymakers the opportunity to discuss mental health issues of greatest concern. The meeting focused on Latino and Hispanic populations.
U.S. Surgeon General David Satcher released The Surgeon General's Call To Action To Prevent Suicide, in July, and the first Surgeon General's Report on Mental Health, in December. NIMH, along with other Federal agencies, collaborated in the preparation of both of these landmark reports.
In the late 1990s, NIMH aka National Institute for Mental Health began to strengthen its efforts to include the public in its priority setting and strategic planning processes, instituting a variety of approaches in which to insure increased public participation.
The National Institue of Mental Health expanded and revitalized its public education and prevention information dissemination programs, including information on suicide, eating disorders, and panic disorder, in addition to the ongoing Institute educational program, Depression: Awareness, Recognition, and Treatment (D/ART).
N.I.M.H. also launched an initiative to educate people about anxiety disorders, to decrease stigma and trivialization of these disorders, and to encourage people to seek treatment promptly.
The National Institute of Mental Health (N.I.M.H.) included members of the public on its scientific review committees reviewing grant applications in the clinical and services research areas.
2000 – N.I.M.H. created the Council Work Group on Training for Diversity in February 2000 to ensure adequate opportunities for minorities to pursue research careers, and to track the success of related Institute programs.
NIMH launched a 5-year communications initiative in March 2000 called the Constituency Outreach and Education Program, enlisting nationwide partnerships with state organizations to disseminate science-based mental health information to the public and health professionals, and increase access to effective treatments.
NIMH co-hosted two town meetings in Chicago on the mental health needs of minority youth and related research. The first meeting, held in April 2000, focused on behavioral, emotional, and cognitive disorders; the impact of violence; the criminalization of youth with treatment needs; service system issues; barriers to treatment; and barriers to research. The July 2000 meeting addressed the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, such as HIV, and the role of the family and society in stemming the spread of HIV, as well as the increase in violence. Members of the general public, parents, teachers, school officials, guidance counselors, and professionals in the health, family assistance, social services, and juvenile justice fields attended the meetings.
NIMH assisted First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton conduct a meeting on the Safe Use of Medication To Treat Young Children, in March.
NIMH organized the "14th International Conference on Challenges for the 21st Century: Mental Health Services Research," held in Washington, D.C., July 2000,to address how to meet mental health service needs nationwide most effectively, reduce health disparities, and provide equitable treatments in an era of managed care.
Dr. Eric Kandel and Dr. Paul Greengard, each of whom have received NIMH support for more than three decades, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sweden's Dr. Arvid Carlsson. Dr. Kandel received the prize for his elucidating research on the functional modification of synapses in the brain. Initially using the sea slug as an experimental model but later working with mice, he established that the formation of memories is a consequence of short and long-term changes in the biochemistry of nerve cells. Further, he and his colleagues showed that these changes occur at the level of synapses, individual contacts between nerve cells. Dr. Greengard was recognized for his discovery that dopamine and a number of other transmitters can alter the functional state of neuronal proteins. These findings made it clear that signaling between neurons could alter their function not only in the short term but also in the long term. Also, he learned, such changes could be reversed by subsequent environmental signals.
Nancy Andreasen, M.D., Ph.D., a psychiatrist and long-time NIMH grantee, wins National Medal of Science for her groundbreaking work in schizophrenia and for joining behavioral science with neuroscience and neuroimaging. The Presidential Award is one of the nation's highest awards in science.
[edit] 2001 - Present
2001 – NIMH convened in Pittsburgh more than 150 clinical and basic scientists with expertise relevant to the study of mood disorders to help develop a Research Strategic Plan for Mood Disorders. A public forum held in conjunction with the meeting focused on the frequent co-occurrence of depression with general medical illnesses.
NIMH launched several long-term, large-scale, multi-site, community based clinical studies to determine the effectiveness of treatment for bipolar disorder (also called manic-depressive illness); depression in adolescents; antipsychotic medications in the treatment of schizophrenia, and management of psychotic symptoms and behavioral problems associated with Alzheimer's disease; and subsequent treatment alternatives to relieve depression.
The Surgeon General released a Report on Children's Mental Health indicating that the nation is facing a public crisis in the mental health of children and adolescents. The National Action Agenda outlines goals and strategies to improve services for children and adolescents with mental and emotional disorders. NIMH along with other Federal agencies collaborated in the preparation of this report.
2002 – NIMH published a national conference report entitled "Mental Health and Mass Violence: Evidence-Based Early Psychological Intervention for Victims/Survivors of Mass Violence: A Workshop to Reach Consensus on Best Practices." While most people recover from a traumatic event in a resilient fashion, the report indicates that early psychological intervention guided by qualified mental health caregivers can reduce the harmful psychological and emotional effects of exposure to mass violence in survivors. NIMH and the Department of Defense, along with other Federal Agencies and the Red Cross collaborated in the preparation of this report.
Mental Health and Mass Violence: Evidence–Based Early Psychological Intervention for Victims/Survivors of Mass Violence Report released. Workshop co-sponsored by the Departments of Health and Human Services, Defense, Veterans Affairs, Justice and the American Red Cross.
2003 – Real Men. Real Depression campaign launched to raise awareness about depression in men and create an understanding of the signs, symptoms and treatment options available. The campaign is designed to inspire other men to seek help after hearing from real men talking about their experiences with depression, treatment and recovery.
[edit] NIMH Directors
| Name | From | To |
|---|---|---|
| Robert H. Felix | 1949 | 1964 |
| Stanley F. Yolles | 1964 | 1970 |
| Bertram S. Brown | 1970 | 1977 |
| Herbert Pardes | 1977 | 1984 |
| Shervert H. Frazier | 1984 | 1986 |
| Lewis L. Judd | 1988 | 1992 |
| Frederick K. Goodwin | 1992 | 1994 |
| Rex William Cowdry (Acting) | 1994 | 1996 |
| Steven E. Hyman | 1996 | 2001 |
| Richard K. Nakamura (Acting) | 2001 | 2002 |
| Thomas R. Insel | 2002 | Present |
[edit] External links
- National Institute of Mental Health Official Website
- National Institutes of Health Official Website
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Official Website
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA) Official Website
- Mental Health: A Report from the Surgeon General
- Culture, Race and Ethnicity: A Supplement to the Surgeon General's Report
- World Health Organization: Global Burden of Disease Studyes:Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental
