October 7
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October 7 is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 85 days remaining in the year on this date.
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[edit] Events
- 3761 BC - The epoch (origin) of the modern Hebrew calendar.
- 336 - Pope Mark ends his reign as Catholic Pope.
- 1492 - Christopher Columbus misses Florida when he changes course.
- 1506 - Pope Julius II and France occupy Bologna.
- 1513 - Battle of La Motta: Spanish troops under Ramón de Cardona defeat the Venetians.
- 1520 - First public burning of books in the Netherlands, in Louvain.
- 1542 - Explorer Cabrillo discovered Catalina Island off California coast.
- 1571 - The Battle of Lepanto is fought, and the Holy League (Spain and Italy) destroys the Turkish fleet.
- 1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
- 1637 - Prince Frederick Henry of Orange occupies Breda.
- 1690 - English attack Quebec under Louis de Buade.
- 1702 - English/Dutch troops under John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough occupy Roermond.
- 1714 - Beer tax riots in Alkmaar, the Netherlands.
- 1737 - 40 foot waves sink 20,000 small craft and kill 300,000 (Bengal, India).
- 1763 - George III of Great Britain issues British Royal Proclamation of 1763, closing aboriginal lands in North America north and west of Alleghenies to white settlements.
- 1765 - Stamp Act Congress convenes in NY.
- 1769 - English explorer, Captain Cook, discovers New Zealand.
- 1776 - Crown Prince Paul of Russia marries Sophie Marie Dorothea of Württemberg.
- 1777 - American Revolutionary War: Americans beat the British in the Battle of Second Saratoga and the Battle of Bemis Heights.
- 1780 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Kings Mountain American Patriot militia defeat Loyalist irregulars led by British colonel Patrick Ferguson in South Carolina.
- 1806 - Carbon paper patented in London by inventor Ralph Wedgewood.
- 1816 - The first double-decked steamboat, the "Washington," arrives in New Orleans, Louisiana.
- 1826 - Granite Railway (first chartered railway in the U.S.) begins operations.
- 1828 - The city of Patras, Greece is liberated by the French expeditionary force in Peloponnese under General Maison.
- 1840 - Willem II becomes King of the Netherlands.
- 1864 - Battle of Darbytown Road (American Civil War): the Confederate forces' attempt to regain ground that had been lost around Richmond is thwarted.
- 1864 - American Civil War: Capture of the C.S.S. "Florida" — Union Warship captures the U.S.S. "Wachusett" — Confederate raider ship while in port in Bahia, Brazil.
- 1865 - The Morant Bay Rebellion starts in Jamaica.
- 1868 - Cornell University holds opening day ceremonies; initial student enrollment is 412, the most at any American university to that date.
- 1870 - Leon Gambetta flees Paris in a balloon.
- 1879 - Germany and Austria-Hungary sign the "Twofold Covenant" and create the Dual Alliance.
- 1882 - Baseball: First World Series (game 2), Chicago (NL) beats Cincinnati (AA) 2-0.
- 1886 - Spain abolishes slavery in Cuba.
- 1900 - The term "orienteering" is first used for an event.
- 1904 - Baseball: New York Highlander Jack Chesbro wins record 41st game of season (41-12).
- 1907 - France's Henry Farman flies 30 m in a biplane.
- 1908 - Crete revolts against the Ottoman Empire and aligns with Greece.
- 1908 - Serbia and Montenegro sign anti-Austria-Hungarian pact.
- 1912 - The Helsinki Stock Exchange sees its first transaction.
- 1916 - Georgia Tech defeats Cumberland University 222-0 in the most lopsided victory in American college football.
- 1919 - KLM of the Netherlands was founded. It is the oldest airline still operating under its original name.
- 1919 - First London-Amsterdam airline service (Britain Aerial Transport and KLM).
- 1922 - Former mayor of Rotterdam Alfred Zimmerman is appointed to represent The Netherlands in the League of Nations.
- 1922 - First radio link, WNJ (Newark, New Jersey) and WGY (Schenectady) link for World Series.
- 1924 - Greek government of Dikalekopoulis forms.
- 1928 - Ras Tafari Makonnen crowned negus of Abyssinia by Empress Zauditu.
- 1928 - Paavo Nurmi runs world record 10 miles (50:15.0).
- 1929 - Ramsay MacDonald is the first British premier to address the U.S. Congress.
- 1931 - First infrared photograph, Rochester, New York.
- 1938 - Germany demands all Jewish passports stamped with the letter J.
- 1940 - World War II: Germany invades Romania.
- 1940 - World War II: the McCollum memo conspires to bring the U.S. to war in Europe by provoking the Japanese to attack the United States.
- 1941 - World War II: German army occupies Viarma, U.S.S.R.
- 1941 - John Curtin becomes the 14th Prime Minister of Australia
- 1942 - U.S. and British government announce establishment of United Nations.
- 1942 - Maxwell Anderson's "Eve of St. Mark," premieres in New York City.
- 1942 - World War II: A salvo of Katyusha rockets destroys a German battalion in Stalingrad.
- 1943 - World War II: Japan executes 100 American civilian prisoners on Wake Island.
- 1944 - World War II: Uprising at Birkenau concentration camp.
- 1944 - World War II: Uprising at Auschwitz, Jews burn down crematoria.
- 1944 - World War II: Fieldmarshal Erwin Rommel ordered to return to Berlin.
- 1944 - World War II: Allies bombs sea dikes at Vlissingen.
- 1949 - German Democratic Republic (East Germany) formed.
- 1949 - One of the earliest television shows, "Ford Theater" debuts
- 1950 - United States forces cross the 38th parallel.
- 1951 - Malayan Emergency: Malayan Races Liberation Army (MRLA) ambushes and kills British High Commissioner Sir Henry Gurney.
- 1951 - David Ben-Gurion forms Israeli government.
- 1952 - "American Bandstand" debuts on a local Philadelphia station.
- 1955 - Beat poet Allen Ginsberg reads his poem "Howl" for the first time at a poetry reading in San Francisco.
- 1958 - President of Pakistan Iskander Mirza, with the support of General Ayub Khan and the army, suspends the 1956 constitution, imposes martial law, and cancels the elections scheduled for January 1959.
- 1958 - U.S. manned space-flight project renamed Project Mercury.
- 1959 - Far side of the Moon seen for first time, compliments of U.S.S.R.'s Luna 3.
- 1960 - Second Kennedy and Nixon debate Cold War foreign policy in the second of four scheduled debates.
- 1962 - U.S.S.R. performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya, U.S.S.R.
- 1963 - John F. Kennedy signs ratification for Partial Test Ban Treaty.
- 1963 - Hurricane Flora hits Haiti and Dominican Republic, kills 7,190.
- 1968 - Hollywood adopts the movie ratings system.
- 1970 - Richard Nixon announces a new five-point peace proposal to end the Vietnam War.
- 1975 - Gerald R. Ford signs a legislation allowing women to apply for admission to the U.S. military academies, effective in 1976.
- 1977 - The adoption of the Fourth Soviet Constitution.
- 1982 - Cats opens on Broadway and runs for nearly 18 years before closing on September 10, 2000.
- 1984 - NFL running back Walter Payton breaks Jim Brown's rushing record.
- 1985 - The "Achille Lauro" is hijacked by Palestinian terrorists.
- 1985 - The Mameyes disaster occurs in Ponce, Puerto Rico.
- 1996 - The Fox News Channel, an American cable news network, is launched.
- 1997 - YUM! Brands, Inc. is founded (then as Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc.) when Pizza Hut, KFC, and Taco Bell spin-off from PepsiCo.
- 2001 - The U.S. invasion of Afghanistan starts with an air assault and covert operations on the ground; British national railway infrastructure company Railtrack put into railway administration in controversial circumstances.
- 2002 - Maher Arar is deported by the US government to Syria, where he is tortured and held without charge for a year before being returned home to Canada.
- 2002 - Space Shuttle Atlantis flies mission STS-112, its last mission before the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.
- 2003 - California governor Gray Davis is recalled and replaced by Arnold Schwarzenegger.
- 2004 - King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia abdicates.
[edit] Births
- 1471 - King Frederick I of Denmark and Norway (d. 1533)
- 1573 - William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1645)
- 1576 - John Marston, English writer (d. 1634)
- 1713 - Granville Elliott, British military officer (d. 1759)
- 1728 - Caesar Rodney, American lawyer (d. 1784)
- 1744 - Sergey Vyazmitinov, Russian general and statesman (d. 1819)
- 1748 - King Charles XIII of Sweden (d. 1818)
- 1769 - Solomon Sibley, American politician (d. 1846)
- 1786 - Louis-Joseph Papineau, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 1871)
- 1835 - Felix Draeseke, German composer (d. 1913)
- 1841 - King Nicholas I of Montenegro (d. 1921)
- 1849 - James Whitcomb Riley, American poet (d. 1916)
- 1866 - Wlodimir Ledochowski, Polish-Austrian director of the Society of Jesus (d. 1942)
- 1881 - Mikhail Drozdovsky, Russian general (d. 1918)
- 1885 - Niels Bohr, Danish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.1962)
- 1888 - Henry A. Wallace, Vice President of the United States (d. 1965)
- 1892 - Dwain Esper, Director (d. 1982)
- 1894 - Del Lord, American director (d. 1970)
- 1897 - Elijah Muhammad, American Black Muslim leader (d. 1975)
- 1900 - Heinrich Himmler, Nazi official (d. 1945)
- 1905 - Andy Devine, American actor (d. 1977)
- 1910 - Henry P. McIlhenny, American philanthropist (d. 1986)
- 1911 - Vaughn Monroe, American singer (d. 1973)
- 1911 - Shura Cherkassky, Ukrainian classical pianist (d. 1995)
- 1912 - Fernando Belaúnde Terry, President of Peru (d. 2002)
- 1913 - Simon Carmiggelt, Dutch journalist and writer (d. 1987)
- 1914 - Alfred Drake, American actor (d. 1992)
- 1914 - Sarah Churchill, British actress (d. 1982)
- 1917 - June Allyson, American actress (d. 2006)
- 1919 - Sir Zelman Cowen, 19th Governor-General of Australia
- 1921 - Raymond Goethals, Belgian football coach (d. 2004)
- 1922 - Grady Hatton, American baseball player
- 1923 - Jean-Paul Riopelle, Québécois member of Les Automatistes (d. 2002)
- 1926 - Diana Lynn, American actress (d. 1971)
- 1927 - R. D. Laing, Scottish psychologist (d. 1989)
- 1927 - Al Martino, American singer and actor
- 1929 - Robert Westall, British author (d. 1993)
- 1931 - Cotton Fitzsimmons, American basketball coach (d. 2004)
- 1931 - Desmond Tutu, South African archbishop and Nobel Laureate
- 1934 - Amiri Baraka, American playwright and poet
- 1934 - Ulrike Meinhof, German terrorist (d. 1976)
- 1935 - Thomas Keneally, Australian author
- 1936 - Charles Dutoit, Swiss conductor
- 1937 - Maria Szyszkowska, Polish politician
- 1939 - John Hopcroft, American computer scientist
- 1939 - Clive James, Australian TV presenter and writer
- 1939 - Harold Kroto, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1939 - Bill Snyder, American football coach
- 1940 - Bruce Vento, U.S. Congressman from Minnesota (d. 2000)
- 1943 - Joy Behar, American co-host of The View
- 1943 - José Cardenal, Cuban baseball player
- 1943 - Oliver North, U.S. Marine and politician
- 1944 - Judee Sill, American musician (d. 1979)
- 1944 - Donald Tsang, current Chief executive of Hong Kong
- 1945 - Kevin Godley, British musician (10cc)
- 1946 - Bernard Lavilliers, French singer
- 1948 - Diane Ackerman, American poet and essayist
- 1949 - Dave Hope, American bass player (Kansas)
- 1950 - Jakaya Kikwete, Tanzanian politician
- 1951 - John Mellencamp, American singer
- 1952 - Mary Badham, American actress
- 1952 - Vladimir Putin, 2nd President of Russia
- 1952 - Jacques Richard, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2002)
- 1952 - Graham Yallop, Australian cricketer
- 1953 - Tico Torres, American percussionist
- 1954 - Kenneth Atchley, American composer
- 1955 - Yo-Yo Ma, French-born cellist
- 1957 - Michael W. Smith, American singer
- 1957 - Jayne Torvill, British figure skater
- 1959 - Dylan Baker, American character actor
- 1959 - Simon Cowell, English recording executive
- 1959 - Lourdes Flores, Peruvian politician
- 1959 - Jean-Marc Fournier, French-Canadian politician
- 1960 - Kyosuke Himuro, Japanese singer
- 1960 - Viktor Lazlo, French singer
- 1962 - Dave Bronconnier, Mayor of Calgary
- 1966 - Toni Braxton, American singer
- 1968 - Thom Yorke, English singer (Radiohead)
- 1969 - Malia Hosaka, Hawaiian professional wrestler
- 1970 - Serena Altschul, American reporter
- 1971 - Daniel Boucher, Quebecois musician
- 1973 - Dida, Brazilian footballer
- 1973 - Sami Hyypia, Finnish footballer
- 1974 - Charlotte Nilsson, Swedish singer
- 1975 - Terry Gerin, American professional wrestler
- 1975 - Damian Kulash, American musician (OK Go)
- 1976 - Taylor Hicks, American musician
- 1976 - Rachel McAdams, Canadian actress
- 1976 - Gilberto Silva, Brazilian footballer
- 1976 - Charles Woodson, American football player
- 1977 - Meighan Desmond, New Zealand actress
- 1978 - Alesha Dixon, British pop singer (Mis-Teeq)
- 1978 - Zaheer Khan, Indian cricketer
- 1979 - Simona Amânar, Romanian gymnast
- 1979 - Aaron Ashmore, Canadian actor
- 1979 - Shawn Ashmore, Canadian actor
- 1980 - Edison Chen, Canadian-born actor
- 1982 - Jermain Defoe, English footballer
- 1982 - Robby Ginepri, American tennis player
- 1991 - Chauncey Matthews, American Juniors singer
[edit] Deaths
- 336 - Pope Mark
- 1368 - Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, son of Edward III of England (b. 1338)
- 1553 - Cristóbal de Morales, Spanish composer (bc. 1500)
- 1555 - Louis of Praet, Habsburg diplomat (b. 1488)
- 1577 - George Gascoigne, English poet
- 1620 - Stanisław Żółkiewski, Polish military leader (b. 1547)
- 1637 - Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy (b. 1587)
- 1651 - Jacques Sirmond, French Jesuit scholar (b. 1559)
- 1653 - Fausto Poli, Italian Catholic priest (b. 1581)
- 1708 - Guru Gobind Singh, tenth Sikh Guru (b. 1666)
- 1772 - John Woolman, American Quaker preacher and abolitionist (b. 1720)
- 1787 - Henry Muhlenberg, German-born founder of the U.S. Lutheran Church (b. 1711)
- 1792 - George Mason, American patriot (b. 1725)
- 1793 - Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire, English politician (b. 1718)
- 1796 - Thomas Reid, Scottish philosopher (b. 1710)
- 1849 - Edgar Allan Poe, American writer (b. 1809)
- 1894 - Oliver Wendell Holmes, American writer (b. 1809)
- 1903 - Rudolf Lipschitz, German mathematician (b. 1832)
- 1906 - Honoré Beaugrand, Canadian journalist and politician, mayor of Montreal (b. 1848)
- 1911 - John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist (b. 1835)
- 1919 - Alfred Deakin, second Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1856)
- 1925 - Christy Mathewson, American baseball player (b. 1880)
- 1926 - Emil Kraepelin, German psychologist (b. 1856)
- 1943 - Eugeniusz Bodo, Polish actor (b. 1899)
- 1943 - Radclyffe Hall, British author (b. 1880)
- 1956 - Clarence Birdseye, American inventor (b. 1886)
- 1959 - Mario Lanza, American tenor (b. 1921)
- 1967 - Norman Angell, British politician and Nobel Laureate (b. 1872)
- 1969 - Léon Scieur, Belgian cyclist (b. 1888)
- 1981 - Albert Cohen, Greek-born Swiss novelist (b. 1895)
- 1991 - Leo Durocher, American baseball player and manager (b. 1905)
- 1992 - Allan Bloom, American philosopher and educator (b. 1930)
- 1992 - Tevfik Esenç, last known speaker of Ubykh (b. 1904)
- 1993 - Cyril Cusack, Irish actor (b. 1910)
- 1994 - Niels Kaj Jerne, English-born Danish immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1911)
- 1998 - Arnold Jacobs, American tuba player a.k.a. Song and Wind (b. 1915)
- 2001 - Christopher Adams, British-born pro wrestler and judoka (b. 1955)
- 2001 - Herblock, American cartoonist (b. 1909)
- 2003 - Izzy Asper, Canadian tax lawyer (b. 1932)
- 2003 - Wally George, American conservative TV commentator (b. 1931)
- 2004 - Ken Bigley, British civil engineer, kidnapped and murdered in Iraq (b. 1942)
- 2005 - Charles Rocket, American actor (b. 1949)
- 2006 - Anna Politkovskaya, Russian journalist (b. 1958)
[edit] Holidays and observances
- RC Saints - Memorial of Our Lady of the Rosary; formerly Saint Justina, Saint Osyth
- Feast day of Pope Mark.
- Saints Sergius and Bacchus; Also see October 7 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- East Germany - Republic Day
- French Republican Calendar - Belle de nuit (Beautiful of Night, a flower) Day, sixteenth day in the Month of Vendémiaire
- Composer Day in Brazil
[edit] External links
October 6 - October 8 - September 7 - November 7 — listing of all days
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