Oligochaeta
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- For the plant genus Oligochaeta from the sunflower family (Asteraceae): see Oligochaeta (plant)
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The Oligochaeta (singular Oligochaete, IPA /ˈɒlɪgoʊˌkiːt/) are well-segmented Annelids, most with a spacious coelom that is used as a hydroskeleton. The name means "few-bristled". Their setae (chaetae) or "bristles" are generally few in number and they lack the parapodia of the polychaeta. They have external fertilization (though internal in some members of the African family Eudrilidae), but copulate and store sperm in a receptacle called a spermatheca. Like the leeches, they have a clitellum which secretes a "cocoon" into which both eggs and sperm are deposited and which acts as an incubator for the embryonic worms. They lack a trochophore larval stage.
This taxon contains mainly freshwater and semi-terrestrial forms, including the earthworms (some of which are fully terrestrial), the tubificids, pot worms and ice worms (Enchytraeidae), blackworms (Lumbriculidae) and many interstitial marine worms. Most are detritus feeders. Some genera are predaceous (Agriodrilus and Phagodrilus).
A revised classification of the Oligochaeta and Clitellata accords with the present consensus that leeches and branchiobdellids are contained within the Oligochaeta. As a result the name Oligochaeta is redundant as it is synonymous with Clitellata. The former group may still be informally termed oligochaetes or oligochaetous annelids however. Image:New Classification Clitellata3-4ins copy.jpg
[edit] The families of oligochaetes
Randiellidae Erséus and Strehlow 1986, Tubificidae Vejdovsky 1884 (including Naidinae Ehrenberg 1831 ), Narapidae Righi 1983, Opistocystidae, Dorydrilidae Cook 1971, Parvidrilidae Erséus 1999, Phreodrilidae Beddard 1891, Propappidae Coates 1986,Haplotaxidae Michaelsen 1900,Tiguassuidae Brinkhurst 1988, Lumbriculidae Vejdovsky 1884, Enchytraeidae Vejdovsky 1879, Moniligastridae Claus 1880, Alluroididae Michaelsen 1900, Syngenodrilidae Smith and Green 1919, Biwadrilidae Jamieson 1971, Glossoscolecidae Michaelsen 1900, Eudrilidae Claus 1880, Tumakidae Righi 1995, Ailoscolecidae Bouché 1969, Komarekionidae Gates 1974, Sparganophilidae Michaelsen 1918, Microchaetidae Michaelsen 1900, Lumbricidae Claus 1876, Kynotidae Jamieson 1971, Hormogastridae Michaelsen 1900, Lutodrilidae McMahan 1978, Almidae Duboscq 1902, including Criodrilus, Ocnerodrilidae Beddard 1891, Megascolecidae Rosa 1891.
[edit] Bibliography
- Erséus, C. and Källersjö, M. 2003. 18S rDNA phylogeny of basal groups of Clitellata (Annelida). Zoologica Scripta: 33(2): 187-196.
- Jamieson, B.G.M., Tillier, S., Tillier, A., Justine, J.-L., Ling, E., James, S., McDonald, K. and Hugall, A.F. 2002. Phylogeny of the Megascolecidae and Crassiclitellata (Annelida, Oligochaeta): combined versus partitioned analysis using nuclear (28S) and mitochondrial(12S, 16S) rDNA. Zoosystema 24(4): 707-734.
- Jamieson, B.G.M. 2006. Non-leech Clitellata. (with contributions by Marco Ferraguti). Pp. 235-392. In Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Annelida. Series Editor B.G.M. Jamieson. Volume 4. Editors Greg Rouse and Fredrik Pleijel. Science Publishers, Enfield, New Hampshire, U.S.A. Jersey, Plymouth, U.K. ISBN 1-57808-313-3.
- Stephenson, J. 1930. The Oligochaeta, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
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