Our Lady of Lourdes
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Bernadette Soubirous, a 14-year old peasant girl from Lourdes, admitted to her mother that she had seen a "lady" on 11 February, 1858, while she was gathering firewood with her sister and a friend<ref> Catholic Online: Apparitions of Our Lady of Lourdes First Apparition</ref> Similar appearances of the "lady" took place on seventeen other occasions. Image:VirgendeLourdes.JPG
[edit] Appearances and Inexplicable Events
The first appearance of the "Lady" reported by Bernadette was on 11 February while she was gathering firewood with her sister and a friend. The others were on February 14, 18-21, 23-25, 27, 28, March 1-4, 25, April 7, and July 16.
[edit] The 1st appearance (11 February)
"The first time I went to the Grotto, was Thursday, 11th February, 1858. I went to gather firewood with two other little girls (Toinette, her sister, and their school friend Jeanne Abadie). When we got to the mill (of Savy), I asked the other two if they would like to see where the water of the mill joins the Gave. They said 'Yes.' From there we followed the canal. When we arrived there (at the foot of the rock of Massabielle) we found ourselves before a grotto. As they could go no further, my two companions prepared to cross the water lying before their path; so I found myself alone on the other side. They crossed the water; they started to cry. I asked them why and they told me that the water was cold. I begged them to help me throw a few rocks into the water so that I could cross without taking my stockings off. They replied that I could do as they had done. Then I went a bit further to see if I could cross without taking my stockings off, but without success. "I came back towards the grotto and started taking off my stockings. I had hardly taken off the first stocking when I heard a sound like a gust of wind. Then I turned my head towards the meadow. I saw the trees quite still: I went on taking off my stockings. I heard the same sound again. As I raised my head to look at the grotto, I saw a Lady dressed in white, wearing a white dress, a blue girdle and a yellow rose on each foot, the same color as the chain of her rosary; the beads of the rosary were white.
"The Lady made a sign for me to approach; but I was seized with fear, and I did not dare, thinking that I was faced with an illusion. I rubbed my eyes, but in vain. I looked again, and I could still see the same Lady. Then I put my hand into my pocket, and took my rosary. I wanted to make the sign of the cross, but in vain; I could not raise my hand to my forehead, it kept on dropping. Then a violent impression took hold of me more strongly, but I did not go.
"The Lady took the rosary that she held in her hands and she made the sign of the cross. Then I commenced not to be afraid. I took my rosary again; I was able to make the sign of the cross; from that moment I felt perfectly undisturbed in mind. I knelt down and said my rosary, seeing this Lady always before my eyes. The Vision slipped the beads of her rosary between her fingers, but she did not move her lips. When I had said my rosary the Lady made a sign for me to approach, but I did not dare. I stayed in the same place. Then, all of a sudden, she disappeared. I started to remove the other stocking to cross the shallow water near the grotto so as to join my companions. And we went away. As we returned, I asked my companions if they had seen anything. 'No,' they replied. 'And what about you? Did you see anything?' 'Oh, no, if you have seen nothing, neither have I.'
"I thought I had been mistaken. But as we went, all the way, they kept asking me what I had seen. I did not want to tell them. Seeing that they kept on asking I decided to tell them, on condition that they would tell nobody. They promised not to tell. They said that I must never go there again, nor would they, thinking that it was someone who would harm us. I said no. As soon as they arrived home they hastened to say that I had seen a Lady dressed in white. That was the first time." <ref name="Catholic Pilgrims"> Catholic Pilgrims: Apparitions at Lourdes</ref>
[edit] The 2nd appearance (14 February)
"The second time was the following Sunday. I went back because I felt myself interiorly impelled. My mother had forbidden me to go. After High Mass, the two other girls and myself went to ask my mother again. She did not want to let us go, she said that she was afraid that I should fall in the water; she was afraid that I would not be back for Vespers. I promised that I would. Then she gave me permission to go.
"I went to the Parish Church to get a little bottle of holy water, to throw over the Vision, if I were to see her at the grotto. When we arrived, we all took our rosaries and we knelt down to say them. I had hardly finished the first decade when I saw the same Lady. Then I started to throw holy water in her direction, and at the same time I said that if she came from God she was to stay, but if not, she must go. She started to smile, and bowed; and the more I sprinkled her with holy water, the more she smiled and bowed her head and the more I saw her make signs. Then I was seized with fright and I hurried to sprinkle her with holy water until the bottle was empty. Then I went on saying my rosary. When I had finished it she disappeared and we came back to Vespers. This was the second time." <ref name="Catholic Pilgrims" />
[edit] The 3rd appearance (18 February)
"The third time was the following Thursday. The Lady only spoke to me the third time. I went to the grotto with a few matured people, who advised me to take paper and ink, and to ask her, if she had anything to say to me, to have the goodness to put it on paper. I said these words to the Lady. She smiled and said that it was not necessary for her to write what she had to say to me, but asked if I would do her the favour of coming for a fortnight. I told her that I would. She told me also that she did not promise to make me happy in this world, but in the next."<ref name="Catholic Pilgrims" />
[edit] The 4th appearance (19 February)
Armed with a lighted candle for protection, Bernadette came to the grotto. This originated the custom of carrying lighted candles to the grotto. Eight people were present including Bernadette's mother and two of her aunts. Bernadette reported that the lady asked her to leave her candle there. She said "It belongs to my aunt, I'll have to ask her; but if she agrees, I will."
[edit] The 5th appearance (20 February)
Thirty people were present. Bernadette reported later that the lady had taught her a prayer, which she said every day of her life, but never wrote down or repeated to anyone. By this time, the news was spreading to other towns, and many people assumed that Bernadette's lady was the Virgin Mary.
[edit] The 6th appearance (21 February)
Over 100 people were present, and Bernadette was afterwards interrogated by Jacomet, the Police Commissioner. Her father, François Soubirous, eventually assured the commissioner that the affair would cease.<ref> Catholic Online: Apparitions of Our Lady of Lourdes, Sixth Apparition</ref>
[edit] The 7th appearance (23 February)
About 150 people were present. Jean-Baptiste Estrade (a tax inspector), Duffo (a court official), and the officers from the garrison were present. Bernadette said later that the lady had told her a secret, which was for her alone, and was never revealed to anyone.
[edit] The 8th appearance (24 February)
The message of the "lady" was "Penance! Penance! Penance! Pray to God for sinners. Kiss the ground as an act of penance for sinners!" About 250 people were present.
[edit] The 9th appearance (25 February)
"(The Lady) told me that I should go and drink at the fountain and wash myself. Seeing no fountain I went to drink at the Gave. She said it was not there; she pointed with her finger that I was to go in under the rock. I went, and I found a puddle of water which was more like mud, and the quantity was so small that I could hardly gather a little in the hollow of my hand. Nevertheless I obeyed, and started scratching the ground; after doing that I was able to take some. The water was so dirty that three times I threw it away. The fourth time I was able to drink it. She made me eat grass growing in the same place where I had drunk; once only; I do not know why. Then the Vision disappeared and I went home.". <ref name="fortnight"> Catholic Pilgrims: The fortnight</ref> Bernadette was interrogated again.
The spring began to flow a day later.
[edit] The 10th appearance (27 February)
About 800 people were present.
[edit] The 11th appearance (28 February)
Over one thousand people were present. Bernadette was questioned by Judge Ribes afterwards.
[edit] The 12th appearance (1 March)
There were almost fifteen hundred people present. Catherine Latapie reported that she bathed her paralyzed arm in the spring, and instantaneously regained full movement. This was the first of the scientifically unattributable events to take place.
[edit] The 13th appearance (2 March)
The "lady" commanded Bernadette: "Go, tell the priests to come here in procession and to build a chapel here."<ref name="encounters"> Lourdes France: The encounters with the Blessed Virgin Mary</ref> [Another source says: "Go and tell the priest to build a chapel here and to have people come in procession."] <ref name="fortnight"> Catholic Pilgrims: The Fortnight</ref> Accompanied by her two aunts, Bernadette went to ask Fr. Peyramale, who called Bernadette a liar and forbade her to go to the grotto, after which she was dismissed. Bernadette was determined, and came again with one of the priest's friends to ask again. After Bernadette was thoroughly questioned before the parish clergy and dismissed, the parish priests could not agree on what course to take. Peyramale decided to go to Tarbes to visit the bishop. The bishop determined that Peyramale should remain away from the grotto.
[edit] The 14th appearance (3 March)
Previously, Father Peyramale had told Bernadette that the requests for the procession and chapel could not be fulfilled unless and until the lady's name was known. On this occasion Bernadette asked for the lady's name, but, according to Bernadette's testimony, the lady merely bowed a little and smiled.
[edit] The 15th appearance (4 March)
About eight thousand people were present. "The third time I went to see M. le Curé, to tell him that a Lady had ordered me to go and say to the priests that they were to have a chapel built there, he looked at me for a moment, and then he said to me in a rather gruff tone, 'Who is this lady?' I answered that I did not know. Then he commissioned me to ask her name and to come and tell him. The next day when I arrived at the grotto I recited my rosary and then asked her, from M. le Curé what her name was, but all she did was to smile. When I got back I went to M. le Curé to tell him that I discharged his commission, and her only response was her smile; then he said she was laughing at me and that I would do well not to go to her again. But, I could not help going."<ref name="fortnight" />
[edit] The 16th appearance (25 March)
"I went every day for a fortnight, and each day I asked her who she was–and this petition always made her smile. After the fortnight I asked her three times consecutively. She always smiled. At last I tried for the fourth time. She stopped smiling. With her arms down, she raised her eyes to heaven and then, folding her hands over her breast she said, 'I am the Immaculate Conception.' Then I went back to M. le Curé to tell him that she had said she was the Immaculate Conception, and he asked was I absolutely certain. I said yes, and so as not to forget the words, I had repeated them all the way home." <ref name="conception"> Catholic Pilgrims: I am the Immaculate Conception</ref>
[edit] The 17th appearance (7 April)
Dr. Pierre Romaine Dozous, the town physician, originally watched the apparitions from a skeptical viewpoint. He believed Bernadette, whom he knew well, was in her right mind aside from the apparitions; he planned to write a medical article discussing the idea that one can have illusions or hallucinations without being insane.
He reported: "Bernadette seemed to be even more absorbed than usual in the Appearance upon which her gaze was riveted. I witnessed, as did also every one else there present, the fact which I am about to narrate. She was on her knees saying with fervent devotion the prayers of her Rosary which she held in her left hand while in her right was a large blessed candle, alight. The child was just beginning to make the usual ascent on her knees when suddenly she stopped and, her right hand joining her left, the flame of the big candle passed between the fingers of the latter. Though fanned by a fairly strong breeze, the flame produced no effect upon the skin which it was touching. Astonished at this strange fact, I forbade anyone there to interfere, and taking my watch in my hand, I studied the phenomenon attentively for a quarter of an hour. At the end of this time Bernadette, still in her ecstasy, advanced to the upper part of the Grotto, separating her hands. The flame thus ceased to touch her left hand. Bernadette finished her prayer and the splendour of the transfiguration left her face. She rose and was about to quit the Grotto when I asked her to show me her left hand. I examined it most carefully, but could not find the least trace of burning anywhere upon it. I then asked the person who was holding the candle to light it again and give it to me. I put it several times in succession under Bernadette's left hand but she drew it away quickly, saying 'You are burning me!'. I record this fact just as I have seen it without attempting to explain it. Many persons who were present at the time can confirm what I have said."<ref name="conception" />
On June 8, 1858, the mayor of Lourdes barricaded the grotto and stationed guards to prevent public access. Visitors were fined for kneeling near the grotto or talking about the grotto.<ref name="civil">http://www.nd.edu/~wcawley/corson/lourdes4.htm</ref>
[edit] The 18th appearance (16 July)
This was the last. Because the grotto was barricaded by the local government, Bernadette knelt outside the fence by the riverbank..<ref name="civil" /> "I thought I was at the Grotto, at the same distance as I was the other times. All I saw was Our Lady ... She was more beautiful than ever."<ref name="conception" />
A second analysis of the water, which had been commissioned by the mayor of Lourdes and conducted by a professor in Toulouse, determined that the water was potable and that it contained the following: oxygen, azote, carbonic acid, carbonates of lime and magnesia, a trace of carbonate of iron, an alkaline carbonate or silicate, chlorides of potassium and sodium, traces of sulphates of potassium and soda, traces of ammonia, and traces of iodine. <ref name="civil" />
The grotto reopened to the public in October of 1858, by order of Emperor Louis Napoleon III.<ref name="civil" />
[edit] The Lourdes Medical Bureau
To ensure claims of cures were examined properly and to protect the town from fraudulent claims of miracles, the Lourdes Medical Bureau was established. Approximately 7000 people have sought to have their case confirmed as a "miracle," of which only 67 have been declared a scientifically inexplicable "miracle" by both the Bureau and the Catholic Church. <ref name="telegraph"> Where Scientists are looking for God Article filed 1/16/2002 in the Telegraph, accessed October 29, 2006</ref>
Among these cases are:
- Jeanne Fretel
May 10, 1948 Age 31: Rennes, France. Student nurse. Tubercular peritonitis with complications for seven years, extreme emaciation and oscillating fever. Comatose when brought to Lourdes, was given a tiny fragment of the Eucharist and awoke. Reported being "instantly and permanently cured" later that night while lying in her wheelchair beside the spring. She had not yet bathed in or drunk the water. Recognized officially on November 11, 1950.
- Brother Schwager Léo
30 April 1952 Age 28; Fribourg, Switzerland multiple sclerosis for five years; recognized on 18 December 1960
- Alice Couteault, born Alice Gourdon
15 May 1952 Age 34; Bouille-Loretz, France multiple sclerosis for three years; recognized on 16 July 1956
- Marie Bigot
8 October 1953 and 10 October 1954 Age 32; La Richardais, France. Arachnoiditis of posterior fossa (blindness, deafness, hemiplegia); recognized , France 15 August 1956
- Ginette Nouvel, born Ginette Fabre
21 September 1954 Age 26; Carmaux, France. Budd-Chiari disease (supra-hepatic venous thrombosis); recognized on 31 May 1963
- Elisa Aloi, later Elisa Varcalli
5 June 1958 Age 27; Patti, Italy. Tuberculous osteo-arthritis with fistulae at multiple sites in the right lower limb; recognized on 26 May 1965
- Juliette Tamburini
17 July 1959 Age 22; Marseilles, France. Femoral osteoperiostitis with fistulae, epistaxis, for ten years; recognized on 11 May 1965
- Vittorio Micheli
1 June 1963 Age 23; Scurelle, Italy. Sarcoma (cancer) of pelvis; tumour so large that his left thigh became loose from the socket, leaving his left leg limp and paralyzed. After taking the waters, he was free of pain and could walk. By February 1964 the tumour was gone, the hip joint had recalcified, and he returned to a normal life. Recognized on 26 May 1976.
- Serge Perrin
1 May 1970 Age 41; Lion D'Angers, France. Recurrent right hemiplegia, with ocular lesions, due to bilateral carotid artery disorders. Symptoms, which included headache, impaired speech and vision, and partial right-side paralysis began without warning in February 1964. During the next six years he became wheelchair-confined, and nearly blind. While on pilgrimage to Lourdes in April 1970, he felt a sudden warmth from head to toe, his vision returned, and he was able to walk unaided. Recognized on 17 June 1978.
- Delizia Cirolli, later Delizia Costa
24 December 1976 Age 12; Paterno, Italy. Ewing's Sarcoma of right knee; recognized on 28 June 1989
- Jean-Pierre Bély
9 October 1987 Age 51; French multiple sclerosis; recognized on 9 February 1999
The water from Lourdes was thoroughly analyzed by independent chemists in 1858 and 1859. It does not have power in itself to cure anyone and has no special scientific properties for cures or miracles.
[edit] Pilgrimages
The pilgrimage site is visited by millions of Catholics each year. Various unusual occurrences are often reported to take place not only subsequent to bathing in or drinking the water of the Lourdes Spring, but also during the daily Eucharistic processions.
[edit] The Catholic Church's Position
On January 18, 1862, Bishop Laurence, the Bishop of Tarbes, gave the solemn declaration: "We are inspired by the Commission comprising of wise, holy, learned and experienced priests who questioned the child, studied the facts, examined everything and weighed all the evidence. We have also called on science, and we remain convinced that the Apparitions are supernatural and divine, and that by consequence, what Bernadette saw was the Most Blessed Virgin. Our convictions are based on the testimony of Bernadette, but above all on the things that have happened, things which can be nothing other than divine intervention". <ref name="encounters" />
Because the apparitions are private revelation and not public revelation, Roman Catholics are not required to believe them, nor does it add any additional material to the truths of the Catholic Church as expressed in public revelation. In Roman Catholic belief, God chooses whom He wants cured, and whom He does not, and by what means. Bernadette said, "One must have faith and pray, the water will have no virtue without faith."
[edit] Notes
<references/>
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Cures and miracles - An overview by the official website of the shrine. This site also offers containers of Lourdes Spring water straight from the source.
- Pilgrimage of His Holiness John Paul II to Lourdes on the Occasion of the 150th Anniversary of the Promulgation of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception.
- Lourdes Water Religious Store Provides background information and sells religious objects in addition to providing containers of Lourdes Spring water.
- A different light A doctor's visit to Lourdes
- The miracles of Lourdes A medical student's explanation of Lourdes analysisit:Nostra Signora di Lourdes
