P
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The letter P is the sixteenth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is pee /piː/.
Semitic Pê (mouth) as well as Greek Π or π (Pi) and the Etruscan and Latin letters that developed from the former alphabet all symbolized /p/, a voiceless bilabial plosive. Those who speak Arabic usually have difficulty pronouncing this sound; they pronounce it like /b/ instead.
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[edit] Phonetic use
In English and most other European languages, P is a voiceless bilabial plosive (/p/ in the IPA). A common digraph in English is "ph", which represents the voiceless labiodental fricative /f/, and is commonly used to transliterate Phi ( φ ) in loanwords from Greek. Both initial and final P can be combined with many other discrete consonants in English words. A common example of assimilation is the tendency of prefixes ending in N to become M before P (such as "in" + "pulse" → "impulse" — see also List of Latin words with English derivatives).
In German, the digraph "pf" is common, representing a labial affricate of /pf/.
[edit] Codes for computing
| NATO phonetic | Morse code | ||
| Papa | |||
| Image:ICS Papa.svg | Image:Semaphore Papa.svg | Image:ASL Papa.png | Image:Braille P.svg |
| Signal flag | Semaphore | ASL Manual | Braille |
In Unicode the capital P is codepoint U+0050 and the lowercase p is U+0070.
The ASCII code for capital P is 80 and for lowercase p is 112; or in binary 01010000 and 01110000, respectively.
The EBCDIC code for capital P is 215 and for lowercase p is 151.
The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "P" and "p" for upper and lower case respectively.
[edit] Meanings for P
- In astronomy,
- P stands for the dwarf planet Pluto; for example, S/2005 P 1 is the first satellite of Pluto sighted in 2005.
- P stands for periodic (comet), as in 1P/Halley or 173P/Mueller.
- P stands for an August 1 through 15 discovery, in the provisional designation of a comet (e.g. C/1957 P1, Comet Mrkos) or asteroid (e.g. (4034) 1986 PA).
- In baseball, P is the abbreviation for the position of pitcher.
- In bibliography, p (or p.) is the abbreviation for page (pp. stands for "pages").
- In biochemistry, P is the symbol for proline.
- In chemistry, P is the symbol for the element phosphorus, or sometimes for phosphate.
- In chess, P is sometimes used as a notation symbol for the pawn piece
- In computer science,
- P is an operation on a semaphore, used for process synchronisation.
- In complexity theory, P is the set of decision problems solvable in polynomial time on a deterministic Turing machine
- In computing,
<p>is the HTML tag to mark the beginning of paragraphs. - In driving,
- in a motor vehicle, P designates the parking gear of an automatic transmission
- a P on a plate attached to the exterior of a vehicle indicates the driver is on a probationary license (in an L/P-plate system)
- In economics, P is usually used to represent price levels.
- In electronics, a p type (or p-type) semiconductor has been doped in order to increase the number of positive (hence the p) charge carriers.
- In international licence plate codes, P stands for Portugal.
- In mathematics,
- Pn(x) denotes a Legendre polynomial of the nth degree.
- blackboard bold <math>\mathbb{P}</math> usually stands for projective space or the set of all prime numbers, while p is usually a variable representing a single arbitrary prime number.
- In metrology,
- In music, p stands for piano, meaning "softly" (pp stands for "pianissimo").
- In New Zealand P is slang for pure methamphetamine.
- In photography, most SLR cameras use P to signify program mode, where the camera sets both aperture and shutter speed.
- In physics,
- p is the symbol for momentum or pressure
- P is the symbol for power or polarisation;
- P is the symbol for the poise, the CGS unit of dynamic viscosity;
- p is the symbol for the poncelet, an obsolete unit of power; and
- p is the symbol for the pond, an obsolete unit of force.
- In particle physics, p is the symbol for the proton.
- As the first letter of a postal code,
- In Canada, P stands for Northern Ontario.
- In probability and statistics,
- p denotes probability
- the p-value of a given result in an experiment is the result's significance; that is, the probability of observing this result or a more extreme result, by chance alone.
- In publishing, a circled P, ℗, represents a copyright on a sound recording.
- In Roman naming convention, P is the abbreviation for the praenomen Publius.
- In the SI system,
- In symbolic logic, p is often used to denote a proposition as well as q and r.
- In the United Kingdom,
- In British coinage, p is the symbol for penny (plural pence), for example 20p (20 pence).
- In Regulation of therapeutic goods 'P' designates Pharmacist-only over-the-counter drugs.
- In Windows, Ctrl-P, and Mac OS, Command-P, usually prints the open document.
[edit] See also
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ar:P bs:P ca:P cs:P sn:P co:P da:P de:P arc:P el:P es:P eo:P eu:P fr:P (lettre) gd:P gl:P ko:P hr:P ilo:P it:P he:P kw:P la:P hu:P nl:P (letter) ja:P no:P nn:P pl:P pt:P ro:P ru:P (латиница) simple:P sk:P sl:P fi:P sv:P tl:P th:P vi:P yo:P zh:P
