Pangasinan language

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Pangasinán
Spoken in:	Philippines
Region:	Central Luzon
Total speakers:	1.54 million
Language family:	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Borneo-Philippines Northern Luzon South Cordilleran Pangasinán
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	`pag`
ISO/FDIS 639-3:	`pag`
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for an English-based pronunciation key.

The Pangasinan language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family. Pangasinan is spoken by more than two million Pangasinan people in the province of Pangasinan, in other Pangasinan communities in the Philippines, and by a significant number of Pangasinan immigrants in the United States. Pangasinan is the primary language in the province of Pangasinan, located on the west central area of the island of Luzon along the Lingayen Gulf. It is the dominant language in central Pangasinan.

The Pangasinan language is one of the twelve major languages in the Philippines. The total population of the province of Pangasinan is 2,434,086 (National Statistics Office: 2000 Census). The estimated population of the indigenous speakers of the Pangasinan language in Pangasinan is 1.5 million.

The Pangasinan language is also called:

Pangasinense, the hispanicized name of Pangasinan.
Pangalatok, a slang term of Pangasinan of doubtful etymology mistakenly used by non-Pangasinans to refer to the Pangasinan language or its native speakers.

Etymology of Pangasinan

Pangasinan, means "land of salt" or "place of salt-making"; it is derived from the root word asin, the word for "salt" in the Pangasinan language.
pangasinan means "container of salt or salted-products"; it refers to the ceramic jar for storage of salt or salted-products or its contents.

1 History
2 Classification and Related Languages
3 Geographic Distribution
4 Grammar
5 Swadesh list in English and Pangasinan
6 Dictionaries and References
7 References
8 See also
9 External links
10 Further reading

[edit] History

Austronesian Languages

The indigenous speakers of the Austronesian languages settled in the area of island Southeast Asia, South China, and Taiwan during prehistoric times, perhaps more than 5,000 years ago. The indigenous speakers of the Pangasinan language are descended from these prehistoric settlers, who were probably part of the prehistoric human migration that is widely believed to have originated from Africa about 100 to 200 thousand years ago.

Ancient Pangasinan Script

Pangasinan had a writing system before the Spanish conquest in 1571. The ancient Pangasinan script is related to the Tagalog Baybayin script and the Javanese Kavi script of Indonesia; it was probably influenced by the Brahmi script and Tamil script of ancient India.

Introduction of Latin Alphabet

The Latin alphabet was introduced during the Spanish colonial period. Pangasinan literature, using the Pangasinan script and the Latin alphabet, continued to flourish during the Spanish and American colonial period. Pangasinan acquired many Spanish and English words, and some indigenous words were hispanicized or anglicized. However, the use of the Pangasinan script has declined, and not many of the literature written in the ancient Pangasinan script has survived.

Pangasinan Literature

Only a few Pangasinan journalists, newspaper columnists, authors, and poets continue to write or publish their works in Pangasinan. Many of the older books about Pangasinan or written in Pangasinan are now out-of-print or of limited availability. Today, not many new books, newspapers or magazines are being published in Pangasinan. However, many Christian publications in Pangasinan are widely available.

Most Pangasinans are now multilingual. Many Pangasinans have become proficient in Tagalog, the national language of the Philippines; English, a global language; and Ilokano, a neighboring language. However, the spread and influence of the other languages is contributing to the decline of the Pangasinan language. Some Pangasinans are organizing to encourage the use of Pangasinan in the print and broadcast media, internet, local governments, courts, and schools in Pangasinan.

[edit] Classification and Related Languages

Pangasinan: An Austronesian Language

The Pangasinan language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family. Pangasinan is similar to the Tagalog and Ilocano languages that are spoken in the Philippines, Indonesian in Indonesia, Malay in Malaysia, and Malagasy in Madagascar. The Pangasinan language is very closely related to the Ibaloi language spoken in the neighboring province of Benguet and Baguio City, located north of Pangasinan. The Pangasinan language is classified under the Pangasinic group of languages. The Pangasinic languages are:

Pangasinan
Ibaloi
Karao
I-wak
Kalanguya
Keley-I
Kallahan
Kayapa
Kallahan
Tinoc

The Pangasinic languages are spoken primarily in the provinces of Pangasinan and Benguet, and in some areas of the neighboring provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, and Ifugao.

Pangasinan is an agglutinative language. Linguistics studies suggest some Pangasinan word correspondences with the ancient Sumerian language, the first known written language. The Sumerian language, which was spoken in the ancient land of Sumer in southern Mesopotamia, is also an agglutinative language like Pangasinan.

[edit] Geographic Distribution

Pangasinan Speakers

The Pangasinan language is the primary language in the province or region of Pangasinan in the Philippines, located on the west central are of the island of Luzon along the Lingayen Gulf. Pangasinan is the dominant language in central Pangasinan. The total population of the province of Pangasinan is 2,343,086 (National Statistics Office: 2000 Census). The estimated population of indigenous speakers of the Pangasinan language in Pangasinan is 1.5 million. Pangasinan is spoken in other Pangasinan communities in the Philippines, mostly in some areas of the neighboring provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, and Benguet; and by a significant number of Pangasinan immigrants in the United States.

Sounds

Features

[edit] Grammar

[edit] Sentence Structure

Like other Polynesian languages, Pangasinan language has a Verb–Subject–Object word order.

[edit] Pronouns

	Absolutive Independent	Absolutive Enclitic	Ergative	Oblique
1st person singular	siák	ak	-k(o)	ed siak
1st person dual	sikatá	ita, ta	-ta	ed sikata
2nd person singular	siká	ka	-m(o)	ed sika
3rd person singular	sikató	- , -a	to	ed sikato
1st person plural inclusive	sikatayó	itayo, tayo	-tayo	ed sikatayo
1st person plural exclusive	sikamí	kamí	mi	ed sikami
2nd person plural	sikayó	kayó	yo	ed sikayo
3rd person plural	sikara	ira, ra	da	ed sikara

[edit] Numbers

The following lists the numbers from one to ten in English, Tagalog, and Pangasinan.

English	Tagalog	Pangasinan
one	isa	sakey, isa
two	dalawa	duara, dua
three	tatlo	talora, talo
four	apat	apatira, apat
five	lima	limara, lima
six	anim	anemira, anem
seven	pito	pitora, pito
eight	walo	walora, walo
nine	siyam	siamira, siam
ten	sampu	samplura, samplu

[edit] Malinak lay Labi: A Pangasinan Folk Song

Malinak lay Labi
The night is late
Oras la'y mareen
The hour is peaceful

Mapalpalna'y dagem
A gentle breeze
Katekep to'y linaew
Along with it is the dew

Samit da'y kugip ko
So sweet is my dream
Binangonan kon tampol
Right away I awake

Lapu'd say limgas mo
Because of your beauty
Sikan sika'y amamayoen
You are the only one I will love

Lalo la bilay
Best of all, my life
No sika la'y nanengneng
When I see you

Napunas lan amin
All wiped away
So ermen ya akbibiten
The sorrows that I bear

No nanonotan
When I remember
Ko la'y samit day ugalim
Your sweet kindness

Ag ta ka nalingwanan
I will not forget you
Angga'd kauyos na bilay
Till life is gone

Listen To Song

[edit] Swadesh list in English and Pangasinan

Manaoag Rules English - Pangasinan

I - siak, ak
you (singular) - sika, ka
he - sikato (he/she), to
we - sikami, kami, mi, sikatayo, tayo, sikata, ta
you (plural) - sikayo, kayo, yo
they - sikara, ra
this - aya
that - aman, atan
here - dia
there - diman, ditan
who - siopa, opa, si
what - anto, a
where - iner
when - kapigan, pigan
how - pano, panon
not - ag, andi, aleg, aliwa
all - amin
many - amayamay, dakel
some - pigara
few - daiset
other - arom
one - isa, sakey
two - dua, duara
three - talo, talora
four - apat, apatira
five - lima, limara
big - baleg
long - andokey
wide - maawang, malapar
thick - makapal
heavy - ambelat
small - melag, melanting, tingot, daiset
short - melag, melanting, tingot, antikey, kulang, abeba
narrow - mainget
thin - mabeng, maimpis
woman - bii
man (adult male) - laki, bolog
man (human being) - too
child - ogaw, anak
wife - asawa, kaamong, akolaw
husband - asawa, kaamong, masiken
mother - ina
father - ama
animal - ayep
fish - sira
bird - manok, siwsiw, billit
dog - aso
louse - kuto
snake - oleg
worm - biges, alumbayar
tree - kiew, tanem
forest - kakiewan, katakelan
stick - bislak, sanga
fruit - bunga
seed - bokel
leaf - bulong
root - lamot
bark - obak
flower - bulaklak
grass - dika
rope - singer, lubir
skin - baog, katat
meat - laman
blood - dala
bone - pokel
fat (n.) - mataba, taba
egg - iknol
horn - saklor
tail - ikol
feather - bago
hair - buek
head - ulo
ear - layag
eye - mata
nose - eleng
mouth - sangi
tooth - ngipen
tongue - dila
fingernail - kuko
foot - sali
leg - bikking
knee - pueg
hand - lima
wing - payak
belly - eges
guts - pait
neck - beklew
back - beneg
breast - pagew, suso
heart - puso
liver - altey
drink - inom
eat - mangan, akan, kamot
bite - ketket
suck - supsup, suso
spit - lutda
vomit - uta
blow - sibok
breathe - engas, ingas, dongap, linawa
laugh - elek
see - nengneng
hear - dengel
know - amta, kabat
think - isip, nonot
smell - angob, amoy
fear - takot
sleep - ogip
live - bilay
die - onpatey, patey
kill - manpatey, patey
fight - laban, kolkol, bakal
hunt - managnop, anop, manpana, pana, manpaltog, paltog
hit - tira, nakna, pekpek
cut - tegteg, sugat
split - pisag, puter
stab - saksak, doyok
scratch - gugo, gorgor
dig - kotkot
swim - langoy
fly (v.) - tekyab
walk - akar
come - gala, gali, onsabi, sabi
lie - dokol (lie down)
sit - yorong
stand - alagey
turn - liko, telek
fall - pelag
give - iter, itdan
hold - benben
squeeze - pespes
rub - kuskos, gorgor
wash - oras
wipe - punas
pull - goyor
push - tolak
throw - topak
tie - singer
sew - dait
count - bilang
say - ibaga
sing - togtog
play - galaw
float - letaw
flow - agos
freeze - kigtel
swell - larag
sun - agew, banua, ugto (noon)
moon - bulan
star - bitewen
water - danum
rain - uran
river - ilog, kalayan
lake - ilog, look
sea - dayat
salt - asin
stone - bato
sand - buer
dust - dabok
earth - dalin
cloud - lorem
fog - kelpa
sky - tawen
wind - dagem
snow - linew
ice - pakigtel
smoke - asiwek, asewek
fire - apoy, pool, dalang, sinit
ashes - dapol
burn - pool
road - dalan, basbas
mountain - palandey
red - ambalanga
green - ampasiseng, pasiseng, maeta, eta
yellow - duyaw
white - amputi, puti
black - andeket, deket
night - labi
day - agew
year - taon
warm - ampetang, petang
cold - ambetel, betel
full - naksel, napno
new - balo
old - daan
good - duga, maong, abig
bad - aliwa, mauges
rotten - abolok, bolok
dirty - maringot, dingot, marutak, dutak
straight - maptek, petek
round - malimpek, limpek
sharp - matdem, tarem
dull - mangmang, epel
smooth - patad
wet - ambasa, basa
dry - amaga, maga
correct - duga, tua
near - asinger, abay
far - arawi, biek (other side)
right - kawanan
left - kawigi
at - ed
in - ed
with - iba
and - tan
if - no
because - ta, lapu ed
name - ngaran
none - angapo
there is - wala
what - anto

[edit] Dictionaries and References

The following is a list of some dictionaries and references:

Lorenzo Fernandez Cosgaya. Diccionario Pangasinan-Espanol and Vocabulario Hispano-Pangasinan (Colegio de Santo Tomas, 1865). This is available in the Internet at the University of Michigan's Humanities Text Initiative.

Anastacio Austria Macaraeg. Vocabulario Castellano-Pangasinan (1898).

Kabunyan Palaganas. A Pangasinense "mansya kayo'd siyak, taga Pangasinan ak met"

Mariano Pellicer. Arte de la Lengua Pangasinan o Caboloan (1904).

Felixberto B. Viray. The Sounds and Sound Symbols of the Pangasinan Language (1927).

Corporacion de PP. Dominicos. Pasion Na Cataoan Tin JesuChristo (U.S.T. Press, 1951).

Paciencia E. Versoza. Stress and Intonation Difficulties of Pangasinan Learners of English (1961).

Paul Morris Schachter. A Contrastive Analysis of English and Pangasinan (1968).

Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Dictionary (University of Hawaii Press, 1971).

Richard A. Benton. Pangasinan Reference Grammar (University of Hawaii Press, 1971).

Richard A. Benton. Spoken Pangasinan (University of Hawaii Press, 1971).

Richard A. Benton. Phonotactics of Pangasinan (1972).

Ernesto Constantino. English-Pangasinan Dictionary (1975).

Julio F. Silverio. New English-Pilipino-Pangasinan Dictionary (1976).

Alta Grace Q. Garcia. Morphological Analysis of English and Pangasinan Verbs (1981).

Philippine Bible Society. Say Santa Biblia (Philippine Bible Society, 1982).

Philippine Bible Society. Maung A Balita Para Sayan Panaon Tayo (Philippine Bible Society and United Bible Societies, 1983).

Mario "Guese" Tungol. Modern English-Filipino Dictionary (Merriam Webster, 1993).

Church of Christ. Say Cancanta (Church of Christ, n.d.). Translations of English songs like "Joy to the World," and "What A Friend We Have in Jesus" are included.

A favorite traditional folk song of Pangasinan is Malinak Lay Labi, which is translated "Calm is the Night." An English translation of this song can be found in the Internet along with some Pangasinan poems and literature.

[edit] References

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

Image:Wikipedia-logo.png

Pangasinan language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

[edit] Further reading