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Panther cap

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iPanther cap

Image:Amanita pantherina 1.JPG

Conservation status

Secure

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Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Homobasidiomycetae
Subclass:	Hymenomycetes
Order:	Agaricales
Family:	Amanitaceae
Genus:	Amanita
Species:	A. pantherina

Binomial name

Amanita pantherina
(DC. ex Fr.) Krombh.

Amanita muscaria mycological characteristics:	?
Image:Gills icon.png gills on hymenium
Image:Flat cap icon.png cap is flat
Image:Free gills icon2.png hymenium is free
Image:Ring and volva stipe icon.png stipe has a ring and volva
Image:White spore print icon.png spore print is white
Image:Mycorrhizal ecology icon.png ecology is mycorrhizal
Image:Hazard T.svg edibility: deadly

The Panther cap (Amanita pantherina), also known as the False Blusher due to its similarity to the true Blusher (Amanita rubescens), is a poisonous mushroom found in woodland throughout Europe, western Asia and North America.

1 Description
- 1.1 Similar species
2 Distribution and habitat
3 Toxicity
4 References
5 External link

[edit] Description

A. pantherina has a bronze or pale orange-brown pileus (cap) bearing small white warts and between 5 and 15 cm (2-6 in) in diameter. In younger specimens the cap is domed, becoming flatter with age. The upper remains of the velum form a ring around the cap margin in younger mushrooms. In moist conditions the pileus is often viscid, with a farinaceous (or starchy) odour.

The stipe (stem) grows to a length of between 6-10 cm and between 1–2½ cm in diameter, with a narrow hoop-like ring low down. The lower remains of the velum form a volva (sheath) around the basal bulb, often with one or two narrow rings.<ref name = "Ultimatemush">Jordan P & Wheeler S (2001). The Ultimate Mushroom Book. Hermes House.</ref>

The white spores are smooth, elliptical, non-amyloid and 9½–13×7–9.5 µm in size.

[edit] Similar species

Although not normally fatal, Amanita pantherina should be studied with caution. It can also be misidentified as Amanita gemmata and confused with the Blusher (Amanita rubescens), though the latter's flesh turns red or 'blushes'.

[edit] Distribution and habitat

The Panther cap is an uncommon mushroom, found in both deciduous, especially beech and, less frequently, coniferous woodland throughout Europe, western Asia and North America in late summer and autumn.<ref name = "Ultimatemush">Jordan P & Wheeler S (2001). The Ultimate Mushroom Book. Hermes House.</ref> It is an ectomycorrhizal fungus, living in root symbiosis with a tree, deriving photosynthesised nutrients from it and providing soil nutrients in return.

[edit] Toxicity

The Panther cap contains muscarine and is generally regarded as more poisonous than the related Fly Agaric, having been the cause of some fatalities.<ref>North, Pamela (1967). Poisonous Plants and Fungi in colour. Blandford Press & Pharmacological Society of Great Britain.</ref>