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In experimental particle physics, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to track and identify high-energy particles, such as produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a particle accelerator.

Contents 1 Description 1.1 Examples and types 1.2 Modern detectors 2 Installations of particle detectors 2.1 At colliders 2.2 Without colliders 3 See also 4 External articles and references

[edit] Description

Detectors designed for modern accelerators are huge, both in size and in cost. The term "counter" is often used instead of detector, when the detector counts the particles but does not resolve its energy or ionization. Particle detectors usually can also track ionizing radiation (high energy photons or even visible light). If their main purpose is radiation measurement, they are called radiation detector, but as photons can also be seen as (massless) particles, the term particle detector is still correct.

[edit] Examples and types

Types of particle detectors include:

• Bubble chamber
• Calorimeter
• Cherenkov detector, Aerogel detector
• Dosimeter
• Drift chamber,Jet chamber
• Electroscope
• Gaseous ionization detectors (Ionization chamber, Proportional counter, Geiger-Müller tube)
• MicroStrip Gas Chamber (MSGC)
• Multiwire Proportional Chamber (MWPC)
• Photodiodes
• Photographic plates
• Photomultiplier
• RICH (Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detector)
• Scintillation counter
• Semiconductor detector
• Silicon detector
• Spark chamber,Wire chamber
• Straw chamber
• Streamer tube
• Time of flight detector
• Time projection chamber (TPC)
• Transition radiation detector
• Wilson cloud chamber, Diffusion chamber
• Z-sensitive Ionization and Phonon Detector coupled Superconducting Transition Edge Sensors

[edit] Modern detectors

Main article: Hermetic detector

Modern detectors in particle physics combine several of the above elements in layers much like an onion.

[edit] Installations of particle detectors

[edit] At colliders

• At CERN
  • for the LHC
    • CMS
    • ATLAS
    • LHCb
    • ALICE
  • for the LEP
    • Aleph[1]
    • Delphi[2]
    • L3
    • Opal[3]
  • for the SPS
    • Gargamelle
    • NA49
• At Fermilab
  • for the Tevatron
    • CDF
    • D0
• At DESY
  • for HERA
    • H1
    • HERA-B
    • HERMES
    • ZEUS
• At BNL
  • for the RHIC
    • STAR
• At SLAC
  • for the SLC
    • SLD
• Others
  • MECO from UC Irvine

[edit] Without colliders

• Super-Kamiokande
• AMANDA

[edit] See also

• List of particles

[edit] External articles and references

Filmstrips

• "Radiation detectors". H. M. Stone Productions, Schloat. Tarrytown, N.Y., Prentice-Hall Media, 1972.

General Information

• The Particle Detector BriefBook
• How to Build a Cloud Chamberde:Teilchendetektor

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