Francais | English | Espanõl

Passerine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search
iPasserines
Image:Passer domesticus2.jpg
House Sparrow
(Passer domesticus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Linnaeus, 1758
Suborders

A passerine is a bird of the giant order Passeriformes. More than half of all species of bird are passerines. Sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds, the passerines are one of the most spectacularly successful vertebrate orders: with around 5,400 species, they are roughly twice as diverse as the largest of the mammal orders, the Rodentia.

The group gets its name from the Latin name for the House Sparrow (Passer domesticus).

Contents

[edit] Characteristics

Many passerines are songbirds and have complex muscles to control their syrinx; many gape in the nest as infants to beg for food.

The order is divided into two suborders, Tyranni, and Passeri (oscines). Oscines have the most control of their syrinx muscles and are true songbirds (though some of them, such as the crows, do not sound like it).

Most passerines are smaller than typical members of other avian orders. The largest passerine is the Thick-billed Raven (although the Lyrebird is longer).

The foot of a passerine has three toes directed forward without any webbing or joining, and one toe directed backward. The hind toe joins the leg at the same level as the front toes. In other orders of birds the toe arrangement is different.

Most passerines lay coloured eggs, in contrast to non-passerines, where the colour is white except in some ground nesting groups such as Charadriiformes and nightjars, where camouflage is necessary, and some parasitic cuckoos which have to match the passerine host's egg.

[edit] Origin

The evolutionary history of and relationships among the passerine families remained rather mysterious until around the end of the 20th century. Many passerine families were grouped together on the basis of morphological similarities that, it is now believed, are the result of convergent evolution, not a close genetic relationship. For example, the "wrens" of the northern hemisphere, of Australia, and of New Zealand all look very similar and behave in similar ways, and yet belong to three far-flung branches of the passerine family tree: they are as unrelated as it is possible to be while yet remaining Passeriformes.

Much research remains to be done, but a series of biochemical studies are gradually revealing a clearer picture of passerine origins and evolution. It is now thought that the early passerines evolved in Gondwana at about the time that the southern supercontinent was breaking up. This led to the Tyranni and, a little later, to a great radiation of forms in Australia-New Guinea (the Passeri or songbirds). A major branch of the passerine tree, the Passerida (or sparrow-like forms), emerged either as the sister group to the basal lineages ("Corvida"), or more likely as a subgroup of it, and reached the northern hemisphere, where there was a further explosive radiation of new species. Since then, there has been extensive mixing, with northern forms returning to the south, southern forms moving north, and so on.

[edit] Taxonomy of passerines

Image:Stop hand.svg This article or section is currently being developed or reviewed.
Some statements may be disputed, incorrect, biased or otherwise objectionable.
Please read talk page discussion before making substantial changes.
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

This list is in taxonomic order, placing related species/groups next to each other. For missing families, see the Talk page.

Note that as of 2006, several studies have appeared which if validated will revolutionize the phylogeny presented here. For example, the Corvida as presented here are as far as anyone can tell a rather arbitrary assemblage of early and minor lineages of passeriform birds of Old World origin.

[edit] See also

Image:Wikispecies-logo.png
Wikispecies has information related to:
Wikibooks Dichotomous Key has more about this subject:

be:Вераб'інападобныя bg:Врабчоподобни cs:Pěvci da:Spurvefugle de:Sperlingsvögel et:Värvulised es:Passeriformes eo:Paseroformaj birdoj fr:Passériformes fy:Moskeftigen ko:참새목 hr:Vrapčarke is:Spörfuglar it:Passeriformes he:ציפורי שיר ka:ბეღურასნაირნი lb:Spatzevullen lt:Žvirbliniai paukščiai li:Zaankveugel hu:Verébalakúak nl:Zangvogels ja:スズメ目 no:Spurvefugler oc:Passeriformes pl:Wróblowe pt:Passeriformes ru:Воробьинообразные scn:Passeriformi sk:Vrabcotvaré sl:Pevci fi:Varpuslinnut sv:Tättingar tr:Ötücü kuşlar uk:Горобцеподібні zh:雀形目

Retrieved from "http://en.wikivisual.com/index.php/Passerine"
Personal tools