Pediment

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A pediment, also called a fronton, is a classical architectural element consisting of the triangular section, the "tympanum" or "thympanon",commonly known as tampon found above the horizontal structure (entablature), and supported by columns. The gable end of the pediment is surrounded by the cornice moulding. The tympanum was often decorated with sculptures and reliefs demonstrating scenes of Greek and Roman mythology. The form of the pediment differs in each of the Classical orders.

The fronton is found in classical Greek temples and neo-classical architecture. The most prominent example is the Parthenon, where it served as a palette for beautiful, intricate sculptural detail. This architectural element was developed in the architecture of ancient Greece and applied in Ancient Rome, the Renaissance, and later architectural revivals. The element was commonly used to decorate mausoleums and memorial architecture. (see: Pere Lachaise Cemetery )

Part of the eastern pediment on the Parthenon.

Pediments were also applied as a triangular or arched ornament above windows and doors, mounted above a pair of pilasters or brackets. The naiskos and aedicula is a "small dwelling" or shrine that may enclose the image of a diety, found at the entrance to a temple or simply covering a small niche in the wall of building.

Image:Rotonda broken pediment.jpg

Another form is the open pediment where a segment is left open at the apex of the sloping cornice. The broken pediment is open along the base – often used in Georgian style architecture. The decorations in the tympanum can extend through these openings, enriched with "Alto-relievo" sculpture, "tondo" paintings, mirrors or windows. These forms were adopted in Mannerist architecture, and applied to furniture designed, or inspired, by Thomas Chippendale.