Philip V of Spain
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King Philip V of Spain (December 19, 1683 – July 9, 1746) or Philippe of Anjou was king of Spain from 1700 to 1746, the first of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain.
He was the second son of Louis, the Grand Dauphin and Maria Anna of Bavaria. He was a younger brother of Louis, Duke of Burgundy and an uncle of Louis XV of France.
His paternal grandparents were Louis XIV of France and Maria Theresa of Spain. His maternal grandparents were Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria and Adelaide Henriette of Savoy, the daughter of Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy.
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[edit] Claims to the Spanish Throne
Philip was born in Versailles. He was made the Duc d'Anjou upon his birth. He was the second son of Louis the Grand Dauphin. Upon the death of Charles II of Spain his will had named the 17-year-old Philip as his chosen successor. Upon any possible refusal the Crown of Spain would be offered next to Philip's younger brother Charles, duke of Berry, or to Archduke Charles of Austria. Both claimants had a legal right due to the fact that Philip's grandfather, King Louis XIV of France and Charles's father, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold, were both the husbands of Charles' older half sisters and sons of Charles' aunts. Philip had the better claim because his grandmother and great-grandmother were older than Leopold's. However the Austrian branch claimed that Philip's grandmother had renounced the Spanish throne for her descendants as part of her marriage contract. This was countered by the French branch's claim that it was on the basis of a dowry that had never been paid.
After a long council meeting where the Dauphin spoke up in favor of his son's rights, it was agreed that Philip would ascend the throne but would forever renounce his claim to the throne of France for himself and his descendants. It was not difficult to see whether Louis would have refused anyway as a Habsburg ruler in Spain would've put a possible enemy on three frontiers.
[edit] War of Spanish Succession
However, the other powers of Europe contested the idea, eventually leading to the War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714). Although Philip was allowed to remain on the Spanish throne, the war cost Spain the possession of Minorca in the Balearic Islands as well as Gibraltar to Great Britain and the Spanish Netherlands, Naples, Milan, and Sardinia to the Austrian Habsburgs; Sicily and parts of the Milanese to Savoy. The losses that occurred because of the war greatly diminished the Spanish Empire in Europe, which had already been in decline, and throughout his reign, Philip sought to arrest the decline of Spanish power as Britain began increasingly to dominate at sea during the 18th century.
[edit] Abdication and Resumption of the Throne
On January 14, 1724, Philip abdicated the throne to his eldest son, Louis, but resumed it later that year when Louis died of smallpox.
Philip helped his Bourbon relatives to make territorial gains in the War of the Polish Succession and the War of the Austrian Succession by reconquering Naples and Sicily from Austria and Oran from the Ottomans. Finally, at the end of his reign Spanish forces also successfully defended American territories from a large British invasion during the War of Jenkins' Ear. During his reign Spain began to recover from the stagnation it had suffered during the twilight of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty. Ferdinand VI of Spain, his son by his first queen Maria Luisa of Savoy, succeeded him.
Philip was afflicted by fits of manic depression and increasingly fell victim to a deep melancholia. His second wife, Elizabeth Farnese, completely dominated her passive husband. She bore him further sons, including another successor, Charles III of Spain. He was later healed by the singer Carlo Broschi Farinelli, who, for 20 years, sang the same four arias each night to the king, and his successor.
[edit] Trivia
After the Royal Council decided to accept Charles' will naming Philip King of Spain, the Spanish ambassador was called in and introduced to his new King. The ambassador and his son kneeled before Philip and made a long speech in Spanish which Philip did not understand, although Louis did. Ironically he had never been taught Spanish and had only begun taking lessons that day.
Upon hearing of the tragic deaths of his father, two brothers, and a nephew within 2 years in 1711, he was offered the role of Dauphin but it meant he would have to abdicate the Spanish throne. He reluctantly chose Spain.
[edit] Ancestors
| Philip V of Spain | Father: Louis, the Grand Dauphin | Father's father: Louis XIV of France | Father's father's Father: Louis XIII of France |
| Father's father's mother: Anne of Austria | |||
| Father's mother: Maria Theresa of Spain | Father's mother's father Philip IV of Spain | ||
| Father's mother's mother: Elisabeth of France | |||
| Mother: Maria Anna of Bavaria | Mother's father: Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria | Mother's father's father: Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria | |
| Mother's father's mother: Maria Anna of Austria | |||
| Mother's mother: Adelaide Henriette of Savoy | Mother's mother's father: Victor Amadeus I of Savoy | ||
| Mother's mother's mother: Christine Marie of France |
[edit] Marriages and Children
He married Maria Louisa of Savoy (17 September 1688–14 February 1714) on 2 November 1701 and they had 4 sons:
- Louis (25 August 1707–31 August 1724)
- Philip (2 July 1709–8 July 1709).
- Philip (7 June 1712–29 December 1719).
- Ferdinand VI (23 September 1713–10 August 1759).
He married Elizabeth Farnese (25 October 1692–11 July 1766) on 24 December 1714, they had 7 children:
- Charles III (20 January 1716–14 December 1788).
- Francisco (21 March 1717–21 April 1717).
- Marianne Victoria of Borbón (31 March 1718–15 January 1781). Married Joseph I of Portugal.
- Philip, Duke of Parma (15 March 1720–18 July 1765). Founder of the line of Bourbon-Parma.
- María Teresa (11 June 1726–22 July 1746). Married Louis, Dauphin de France (son of Louis XV).
- Luis Antonio (25 July 1727–7 August 1785). Was Archbishop of Toledo, Primate of Spain and Cardinal since 1735. In 1754 renounced his ecclesiastical titles and became Count de Chinchón. In 1776, he married morganatically Doña María Teresa de Vallabriga y de Rozas and had issue, but without royal titles.
- María Antonieta (November 17 1729–September 19 1785). Married Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia.
[edit] References
- Armstrong, Edward (1892). Elizabeth Farnese: "The Termagant of Spain". London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
- Kamen, Henry (2001). Philip V of Spain: The King Who Reigned Twice. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300087187.
- Petrie, Sir Charles (1958). The Spanish Royal House. London: Geoffrey Bles.
| House of Bourbon Born: December 19 1683; Died: July 9 1746 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by: Charles II | King of Naples and Sardinia Duke of Brabant, Guelders, Limburg, Lothier, Luxembourg and Milan Count of Flanders, Hainaut and Namur 1700–1713 | Succeeded by: Charles VI |
| King of Sicilia 1700–1713 | Succeeded by: Victor Amadeus II | |
| King of Spain <small/>(First time)</small> 1700–January 14 1724 | Louis | |
| Preceded by: Louis | King of Spain <small/>(Restored)</small> September 6 1724–1748 | Succeeded by: Ferdinand VI |
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