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The Piano Sonata No. 32 in C minor, Opus 111, is the last of Ludwig van Beethoven's piano sonatas. The work was written in 1821–1822. Like other "late period" sonatas, it contains fugal elements and is technically very demanding.

The work is in two highly contrasting movements:

1. Maestoso; Allegro con brio ed appassionato
2. Arietta: Adagio molto, semplice e cantabile

The first movement, like many other works by Beethoven in C minor (see Beethoven and C minor), is stormy and impassioned. It abounds in diminished seventh chords, as in for instance the first full bar of its opening introduction:

The final movement, in C major, is a set of variations on a 16-bar theme, with a brief modulating interlude and final coda. The third variation is remarkably jazzy and often referred to as the "boogie-woogie variation", and the last two are famous for introducing small notes which constantly divide the bar in 36 resp. 27 parts, which is very uncommon. Beethoven eventually introduces a trill which gives the impression of a further step (ie. dividing each bar into 81 parts), though the piece may not necessarily be played that way.

Beethoven’s markings indicate that he wished variations 2-4 to be played to the same basic pulse as the theme, first variation and subsequent sections (using the direction "L'istesso tempo" at each change of time signature). However almost all pianists speed up when playing these variations.

Typical performances take 8 to 9 minutes for the first movement, and 16 to 18 minutes for the second.

The work is one of the most famous compositions of the composer's "late period" and is widely performed and recorded. The pianist Robert Taub has called it "a work of unmatched drama and transcendence ... the triumph of order over chaos, of optimism over anguish." [1].

[edit] Media

Opus 111, movement 1 (file info) — play in browser (beta)

• Piano Sonata No. 32 in C minor, movement 1

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Opus 111, movement 2 (file info) — play in browser (beta)

• Piano Sonata No. 32 in C minor, 2nd movement

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Problems playing the files? See media help. </li> </ul> </div>

Piano Sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven

Op. 2 No. 1 | Op. 2 No. 2 | Op. 2 No. 3 | Op. 7 | Op. 10 No. 1 | Op. 10 No. 2 | Op. 10 No. 3 | Op. 13 (Pathetique) | Op. 14 No. 1 | Op. 14 No. 2 | Op. 22 | Op. 26 | Op. 27 No. 1 (Quasi una fantasia) | Op. 27 No. 2 (Quasi una fantasia — Moonlight) | Op. 28 (Pastoral) | Op. 31 No. 1 | Op. 31 No. 2 (Tempest) | Op. 31 No. 3 | Op. 49 Nos. 1 and 2 | Op. 53 (Waldstein) | Op. 54 | Op. 57 (Appassionata) | Op. 78 | Op. 79 | Op. 81a (Les adieux) | Op. 90 | Op. 101 | Op. 106 (Hammerklavier) | Op. 109 | Op. 110 | Op. 111

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de:Klaviersonate Nr. 32 c-Moll op. 111 (Beethoven) fr:Sonate pour piano n° 32 (Beethoven) ja:ピアノソナタ第32番 (ベートーヴェン)

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Category: Piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven