Pietro Badoglio, 1st Duke of Addis Abeba

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Pietro Badoglio
Prime Minister of Italy
In office July 25, 1943 – June 18, 1944
Preceded by	Benito Mussolini
Succeeded by	Ivanoe Bonomi

Born	September 28, 1871 Piedmont, Italy
Died	November 1, 1956
Political party	none (Provisional Military Government)

Pietro Badoglio, 1st Duke of Addis Abeba (September 28, 1871 – November 1, 1956) was an Italian soldier and politician.

[edit] Biography

He was born in Grazzano Monferrato (later Grazzano Badoglio) in the province of Asti (Piedmont).

After studying at the military academy in Turin he served with the Italian Army from 1892, at first as a Lieutenant in artillery, taking part in the campaigns in Eritrea (1896) and Libya (1912), where he distinguished himself at the Battle of Zanzur. At the beginning of Italian participation in World War I he was a Lieutenant Colonel, he rose to the rank of General following his handling of the capture of Monte Sabotino in May 1916 and by 1918 was the senior aide to the Commander-in-Chief despite being partially responsible in the disaster at Caporetto (October 24, 1917).

Post-war he was elected as a senator, but also remained in the army with special assignments to Romania and the USA in 1920 and 1921. At first he opposed Benito Mussolini and after 1922 was side-lined as ambassador to Brazil. A change of political heart soon returned him to Italy and a senior role in the army as Chief of Staff from May 4, 1924. He was governor of Libya from 1929 to 1933. While Emilio de Bono began the invasion of Abyssinia in 1935 he was replaced by Badoglio in 1936. He approved the use of poisonous gas and finally captured Addis Ababa and won the conflict.

Marshal Pietro Badoglio led the Italian troops into Addis Ababa on May 5, and Mussolini declared King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy Emperor of Ethiopia and Ethiopia an Italian province. On this occasion Marshal Pietro Badoglio (declared the first Viceroy of Ethiopia and made "Duke of Addis Ababa").

He was made Duke of Addis Abeba. He was not in favour of the Italian-German Pact of Steel and was pessimistic about the chances of Italian success in any war. He resigned in December 1940 following the Italian army's poor display in the invasion of Greece.

Following the Allied invasion of Sicily in 1943, there was a meeting of the Fascist Grand Council on July 24 and the following day in a technical coup d'etat Victor Emmanuel III of Italy dismissed Mussolini and appointed Badoglio to head the government. Martial law was declared, Mussolini was arrested and negotiations were opened with the Allies. When the German army responded, the new Italian government was forced to flee to Pescara and Brindisi and accept Allied protection.

Badoglio signed the Italian armistice with the Allies on September 3 in Cassibile; the document was published by the Allies on September 8, when Badoglio had not yet communicated the decision to the Italian forces, which were surprised by the switch. The longer version of the armistice was signed on September 23 in Malta and the Badoglio government officially declared war on Germany on October 13. Badoglio did not head the government for long: following the rescue of Mussolini, the liberation of Rome and increasingly strong opposition he was replaced by Ivanoe Bonomi and other committed anti-Fascists.

After his death in 1956, he was succeeded as Duke of Addis Abeba (Duca di Addis Abeba) by his grandson, Pietro Badoglio, 2nd Duke of Addis Abeba, who was married to Princess Phuong Mai, daughter of Bao Dai, last Emperor of Vietnam

Preceded by: Benito Mussolini	Prime Minister of Italy 1943–1944	Succeeded by: Ivanoe Bonomi
Preceded by: {none)	Duke of Addis Abeba 1936–1956	Succeeded by: Pietro Badoglio, 2nd Duke of Addis Abeba
Preceded by: Raffaele Guariglia	Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs 1944	Succeeded by: Ivanoe Bonomi
Preceded by: Benito Mussolini	Head of the Fascist Grand Council 1944	Succeeded by: (post abolished)

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