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Benedict XII
Birth name	Jacques Fournier
Papacy began	December 20, 1334
Papacy ended	April 25, 1342
Predecessor	John XXII
Successor	Clement VI
Born	ca. 1280s Saverdun, France
Died	April 25, 1342 Avignon, France
Other Popes named Benedict

Pope Benedict XII (died April 25, 1342), born Jacques Fournier, was Pope from 1334 to 1342.

Little is known of the origins of Jacques Fournier. He is believed to have been born in Saverdun in the Comté de Foix around the 1280s to a family of modest means. He became a Cistercian monk and left to study at the University of Paris. In 1311 he was made Abbot of Fontfroide Abbey and quickly became known for his intelligence and rigorous organization. In 1317 he was promoted to be bishop of Pamiers. There he pursued a rigorous witch hunt for remaining Cathar heretics, which won him plaudits from religious authorities but alienated him from the local population.

His effect on the simple Cathars of Montaillou high in the Ariège, carefully recorded in the Fournier Register that he took to Rome and deposited in the Vatican Library, has been documented by the historian Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie's pioneering work of microhistory Montaillou, village occitan. In 1326, successful at rooting out the last, it was thought, of the heretics of the south, he was made Bishop of Mirepoix; a year later, in 1327, he was made a cardinal.

[edit] He becomes Pope

Fournier succeeded Pope John XXII (1316–34) as Pope in 1334, being elected on the first conclave ballot. He reportedly exclaimed "You have elected a jackass!" upon his naming as Pope. But he did not carry out the policy of his predecessor. He practically made peace with the Emperor Louis IV, and as far as possible came to terms with the Franciscans, who were then at odds with the Roman See.

Benedict XII was a reforming pope who tried to curb the luxury of the monastic orders, without much success. He also ordered the construction of the Palais des Papes in Avignon. He spent most of his time working on questions of theology. He rejected many of the ideas developed by John XXII and campaigned against the Immaculate Conception. He engaged in long theological debates with other noted figures of the age such as William of Ockham and Meister Eckhart.

[edit] Papal numbering

(Note on numbering: Pope Benedict X is now considered an anti-pope. At the time however, this fact was not recognized and so the tenth true Pope Benedict took the official number XI. This caused the true eleventh Pope Benedict to take the number XII. This has advanced the numbering of all subsequent Popes Benedict by one. Popes Benedict XI-XVI are really the tenth through fifteenth popes by that name.)

[edit] External links

• The Inquisition Record of Jacques Fournier
• Palace of the Popes - Avignon

Preceded by: John XXII

Pope 1334–42

Succeeded by: Clement VI

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de:Benedikt XII.

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