Francais | English | Espanõl

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

iPterodactyloids Fossil range: Middle Jurassic – Late Cretaceous
Image:Pterodactylus1.jpg Pterodactylus
Conservation status
Extinct (fossil) </div>
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida (unranked) Archosauria Order: Pterosauria Suborder: Pterodactyloidea Plieninger, 1901
Families
See text

Pterodactyloidea forms one of the two suborders of pterosaurs, and contains the most advanced members of this group of flying reptiles.

They appeared during the middle Jurassic period and differ from the basal rhamphorhynchoidea by their short tails and long wing metacarpals (hand bones). The most advanced forms also lack teeth. Many species had well developed crests on the skull, a form of display taken to extremes in giant-crested forms like Nyctosaurus and Tapejara. Pterodactyloids (specifically the family Azhdarchidae) were the last surviving pterosaurs when the order became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous Period, together with the dinosaurs and most marine reptiles.

Contents 1 Classification 1.1 Taxonomy 1.2 Phylogeny 2 References

[edit] Classification

[edit] Taxonomy

Listing of families and superfamilies within the suborder Pterodactyloidea.

• Order Pterosauria
  • Suborder Pterodactyloidea
    • Superfamily Ornithocheiroidea
      •  ?Boreopterus
      • Family Istiodactylidae
        • Nurhachius
        • Istiodactylus
      • Family Ornithocheiridae
        • Subfamily Ornithocheirinae
          • Araripesaurus
          • Brasileodactylus
          • Ludodactylus
          • Santadactylus
          • Ornithocheirus
        • Subfamily Anhanguerinae
          • Arthurdactylus
          • Siroccopteryx
          • Criorhynchus
          • Tropeognathus
          • Coloborhynchus
          • Anhanguera
      • Family Pteranodontidae
    • Superfamily Ctenochasmatoidea
      •  ?Feilongus
      • Family Gallodactylidae
      • Family Pterodactylidae
      • Family Lonchodectidae
      • Family Ctenochasmatidae
        • Subfamily Gnathosaurinae
          • Cearadactylus
          • Gnathosaurus
          • Huanhepterus
          • Plataleorhynchus
          • Diopecephalus
        • Subfamily Ctenochasmatinae
          • Ctenochasma
          •  ?Eosipterus
          • Pterodaustro
    • Superfamily Dsungaripteroidea
      •  ?Herbstosaurus
      •  ?Kepodactylus
      •  ?Puntanipterus
      • Family Germanodactylidae
        •  ?Noripterus
        •  ?Tendaguripterus
        • Normannognathus
        • Germanodactylus
      • Family Dsungaripteridae
        • Domeykodactylus
        • "Phobetor"
        • Lonchognathosaurus
        • Dsungaripterus
    • Superfamily Azhdarchoidea
      • Thalassodromeus
      • Tupuxuara
      • Family Tapejaridae
      • Family Azhdarchidae

[edit] Phylogeny

Cladogram after Unwin (2003). For alternate cladograms, see List of pterosaur classifications.

 Pterodactyloidea
    |-?Araripedactylus
    |-?Wyomingopteryx
    |-?Bennettazhia 
    |-?Dermodactylus 
    |-?Haopterus 
    |-?Mesadactylus 
    |-?Criorhynchus 
    |--Ornithocheiroidea
    |       |-?Boreopterus 
    |       |--Istiodactylidae
    |       `--Euornithocheira
    |            |--Ornithocheiridae
    |            |    |--Ornithocheirinae
    |            |    `--Anhanguerinae
    |            `--Pteranodontia
    |                 `--Pteranodontidae
    |                       |--Nyctosaurus
    |                       `--Pteranodontinae
    `--Lophocrania
          |--Ctenochasmatoidea
          |     |-?Feilongus 
          |     |--Gallodactylidae
          |     `--Euctenochasmia
          |          |--Pterodactylus
          |          |--Lonchodectes
          |          `--Ctenochasmatidae
          |               |--Gnathosaurinae
          |               `--Ctenochasmatinae
          |--Dsungaripteroidea
          |     |-?Herbstosaurus 
          |     |-?Kepodactylus 
          |     |-?Puntanipterus 
          |     |--Germanodactylidae
          |     `--Dsungaripteridae
          `--Azhdarchoidea
               |-?Thalassodromeus
               |--Tupuxuara
               `--Neoazhdarchia
                    |--Tapejara
                    `--Azhdarchidae

[edit] References

• Unwin, D. M., (2003). "On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs." pp. 139-190. In Buffetaut, E. & Mazin, J.-M., eds. Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. London: Geological Society of London, Special Publications 217, 2003, pp. 139-190.

de:Kurzschwanzflugsaurier ja:翼指竜亜目 nl:Pterodactyloidea pl:Pterodaktyle