Reactive dye
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In a reactive dye a chromophore contains a substituent that is activated and allowed to directly react to the surface of the substrate.
Reactive dyes first appeared commercially in 1956, after their invention in 1954 by Rattee and Stephens at the ICI Dyestuffs Division site in Blackley, Manchester, UK. They are used to dye cellulosic fibres. The dyes contain a reactive group, either a haloheterocycle or an activated double bond, that, when applied to a fibre in an alkaline dye bath, forms a chemical bond with an hydroxyl group on the cellulosic fibre.
Reactive dyeing is now the most important method for the coloration of cellulosic fibres. Reactive dyes can also be applied on wool and nylon, in the latter case they are applied under weakly acidic conditions.
For more info Fundamental Chemistry of reactive dyes
Other reactive dyes:
