[edit] Family

He was also a maternal uncle Sa`d of Muhammad.

He had a son named `Umar ibn Sa`d, the leader of the forces that killed Husayn ibn `Alī at the Battle of Karbalā'.

Abd-al-Rahman ibn Awf was his first cousin <ref name=Restatement>A Restatement of the History of Islam and Muslims on Al-Islam.org [1]</ref>.

[edit] Biography

[edit] Early Life — ?-610

Assuming he lived until he was almost eighty years old and died in 664 (54 AH), he was born in sometime after 584<ref name ="ahya"/>

[edit] Muhammad's era — 610-632

He was one of the first to accept Islam<ref>http://www.ahya.org/amm/modules.php?name=Sections&op=viewarticle&artid=109</ref>

Sa'ad relates:

When my mother heard the news of my Islam, she flew into a rage. She came up to me and said: "O Sa'ad! What is this religion that you have embraced which has taken you away from the religion of your mother and father...? By God, either you forsake your new religion or I would not eat or drink until I die. Your heart would be broken with grief for me and remorse would consume you on account of the deed, you have done and people would censure you forever more.' 'Don't do (such a thing), my mother,' I said, 'for I would not give up my religion for anything.' However, she went on with her threat... For days she neither ate nor drank. She became emaciated and weak."

"Hour after hour, I went to her asking whether I should bring her some food or something to drink but she persistently refused, insisting that she would neither eat nor drink until she died or I abandoned my religion. I said to her, 'Yaa Ummaah! In spite of my strong love for you, my love for Allah and His Messenger is indeed stronger. By Allah, if you had a thousand souls and each one depart one after another, I would not abandon this religion for anything,'

When she saw that I was determined she relented unwillingly and ate and drank. It was in relation to this that the Qur'anic verse 31:14-15 was revealed.<ref name ="ahya">http://www.ahya.org/amm/modules.php?name=Sections&op=viewarticle&artid=109</ref>

In 614 (the fourth year of Prophethood) the Muslims were on their way to the hills of Makkah to hold a clandestine meeting with Muhammad, when a group of polytheists observed their suspicious movements and began to abuse and fight them. Sad'a beat a polytheistand shed his blood, reportedly the first instance of bloodshed in the history of Islam.<ref name ="ahya"/>

He fought at the battle of Badr with his young brother Umayr who cried to accompany the Muslim army for he was only in his early teens. Sa`d returned to al-Madīnah alone after Umayr was one of the fourteen Muslim martyrs who fell in the battle.

At the battle of Uhud, Sa`d was chosen as an archer together with Zayd, Sa`īb the son of Uthmān ibn Mazūn and others. Sa`d was among those who fought in defence of the Prophet after some Muslims had deserted their positions.

He fell ill during the The Farewell Pilgrimage, and he had only a daughter during this period. Sa'ad said:

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[edit] Abu Bakr's era — 632–634

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[edit] Umar's era — 634-644

Sa`d also fought under `Umar's command against the Sāsānian army in the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah. He was later appointed governor of al-Kūfah and Najd during the caliphate of `Umar.

He was among the members of the council who elected the third caliph `Uthmān.

[edit] Uthman's era — 644–656

Bernard Lewis, a 21th century non-Muslim Islamic scholar

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[edit] Ali's era — 656–661

[edit] Muawiyah's era — 661–664

He lived until he was almost eighty years old. He was blessed with much wealth but as the time of death approached in the year 664 (54 AH)<ref name ="ahya"/>