Saffarid dynasty

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History of Iran Empires of Persia - Kings of Persia Proto-Elamite civilization (3200–2700 BCE) Jiroft civilization (3000–5th c. BCE) Elamite dynasties (2700–539 BCE) Kingdom of Mannai (10th–7th c. BCE) Median Empire (728–550 BCE) Achaemenid Empire (648–330 BCE) Seleucid Empire (330–150 BCE) Parthian Empire (250 BCE– 226 CE) Sassanid Dynasty (226–650) Patriarchal Caliphate (637–651) Umayyad Caliphate (661-750) Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258) Tahirid dynasty (821–873) Alavid dynasty (864–928) Saffarid dynasty (861–1003) Samanid dynasty (875–999) Ziyarid dynasty (928–1043) Buwayhid dynasty (934–1055) Ghaznavid Empire (963–1187) Ghori dynasty (1149–1212) Seljukid Empire (1037–1194) Khwarezmid dynasty (1077–1231) Ilkhanate (1256–1353) Muzaffarid dynasty (1314–1393) Chupanid dyansty (1337–1357) Jalayerid dynasty (1339–1432) Timurid Empire (1370–1506) Qara Qoyunlu Turcomans (1407–1468) Aq Qoyunlu Turcomans (1378–1508) Safavid Empire (1501–1722/1736) Hotaki Ghilzai dynasty (1722–1729) Afsharid dynasty (1736–1802) Zand dynasty (1750–1794) Qajar dynasty (1781–1925) Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979) Islamic Revolution (1979) Provisional Government (1979–1980) Islamic Republic of Iran (1980–Present)
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The Saffarid dynasty of Persia (سلسله صفاریان) ruled a short-lived empire centred on Sistan, a border district between modern-day Afghanistan and Iran, between 861-1003.

The Saffarid capitals were Zaranj in Afghanistan, and Shiraz, Iran.[1] The dynasty was founded by – and took its name from – Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar, a man of humble origins who rose from an obscure beginning as a coppersmith (saffar) in eastern Iran. He became a warlord and seized control of the Seistan region, therefore conquering much of modern day Iran. Using it as a base for an aggressive expansion eastwards and westwards. By the time of his death, he had conquered Khorasan (thus ending that region's Tahirid dynasty) as well as parts of Pakistan and western Iran, nearly reaching Baghdad but then suffered defeat. soon after he became ill and died.

The Saffarid empire did not last long after Ya'qub's death. His brother and successor Amr bin Laith was defeated in battle by the Samanids in 900. He was forced to surrender Khorasan and the Saffarids were subsequently largely confined to their heartland of Seistan, with their role reduced to that of vassals of the Samanids and their successors.