Salmonella enterica
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| Image:Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium 01.jpg S. enterica Typhimurium colonies on a Hektoen enteric agar plate
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| Salmonella enterica (ex Kauffmann & Edwards 1952) Le Minor & Popoff 1987 |
Salmonella enterica is a flagellated, Gram-negative bacterium, and a member of the genus Salmonella.<ref name=Barron>Giannella RA (1996). Salmonella. In: Barron's Medical Microbiology (Barron S et al, eds.), 4th ed., Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.</ref>
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[edit] Serovars
S. enterica has an extraordinarily large number of varieties or serovars—up to 2000 have been described.<ref name=Sherris>Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology, 4th ed., McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.</ref> Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi (historically elevated to species status as S. typhi) is the disease agent in typhoid fever. Other serovars such as Typhimurium (also known as S. typhimurium) can lead to a form of human gastroenteritis sometimes referred to as salmonellosis.
Most cases of salmonellosis are caused by food infected with S. enterica, which often infects cattle and poultry, though also other animals such as domestic cats. However, investigations of vacuum cleaner bags have shown that households can act as a reservoir of the bacterium; this is more likely if the household has contact with an infection source, for example through members working with cattle or in a veterinary clinic.
The genome sequences of serovars Typhi<ref name=Parkhill_2001>Parkhill J et al. (2001). "Complete genome sequence of a multiple drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi CT18". Nature 413 (6858): 848-52. PMID 11677608 DOI:10.1038/35101607.</ref> and Typhimurium LT2<ref name=McClelland_2001>McClelland M et al. (2001). "Complete genome sequence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2". Nature 413 (6858): 852-6. PMID 11677609 DOI:10.1038/35101614.</ref> have been established.
[edit] Salmonella Typhi
Salmonella Typhi is a serovar of Salmonella enterica (formerly known as Salmonella choleraesuis) and the cause of the disease typhoid fever. The organism can be transmitted by the fecal-oral route—it is excreted by humans in feces and may be transmitted by contaminated water, food, or by person-to-person contact (with inadequate attention to personal hygiene).
Salmonella Typhi possess three main types of antigens: O, H and Vi. O antigen: somatic antigen (O antigen : O9) Group D, Vi : Encapsule antigen (Vi antigen: positive), H antigen: flagellar antigen (H antigen: Hd) .
[edit] References
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