Semifonte
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Semifonte was a fortified city in Tuscany, Italy, built during the late 12th century and destroyed after a siege by Florence in 1202.
It was sited mid-way between Florence and Siena on a hill overlooking the Elsa valley and the intersection of the two main routes in the area, the Via Francigena and the Via Chiantigiana, so enabling it to control trade in Tuscany. This dominant position proved to be its downfall.
The peace treaty required the surviving inhabitants to demolish their own city, exiled them all and forbade any further building on the site. After the demolition, the stone was transported to nearby Barberino Val d'Elsa and was used to build the walls that still stand today.
It was not until the 16th century that a commemorative chapel, dedicated to St Michael, was built on the site of Semifonte. It is a one-eighth scale replica of Brunelleschi's dome of Florence cathedral, built by Santi di Tito in 1597.
Today, very little remains of the city: one truncated tower of the southern gate (Porta San Niccolò) and a nearby chapel, plus various buried remains. These are to be found on the summit of the hill above the village of Petrognano-Semifonte, which dates back to the time of the city and stood outside the walls.
The Florentine campaign is documented in the archives of Florence. The events were also described by Pace di Certaldo, a contemporary author. There is a modern account in Italian in the book "Semifonte" by Enzo Salvini.
