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Shelta language

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Shelta
Shelta
Spoken in: Ireland, Irish diaspora 
Region: Used by some Irish Travellers
Total speakers: 86,000
Language family: Indo-European
 Shelta 
Writing system: Latin
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: to be added
ISO/FDIS 639-3: sth 
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for an English-​based pronunciation key.

Shelta (also known as Gammen, Sheldru, Pavee, or simply the Cant) is a language spoken by parts of the Irish Traveller people.

Shelta's vocabulary is based largely on Irish, with many words inverted in a style not unlike French verlan slang; for example, the word for 'girl' is lackeen, from the Irish cailín, and the word rodas, meaning door, has its roots in the Irish doras. The language's structure also contains many grammatical similarities with English. It also contains elements of Romany languages, though the Travellers are not actual Roma. Although heavily influenced by non-Celtic languages, Shelta is sometimes mistakenly classified as part of the Goidelic branch of the Celtic language family; it is, in fact, a cant based on Irish and English, with a primarily English-based syntax.

Cant is the form diffused around Ireland; Gammen or Gammon is concentrated in the south-east region. Shelta is the term still preferred by some today, often outside the Travellers themselves from academia. The word Shelta first appeared in 1882 in the book 'The Gypsies' by 'gypsiologist' Charles Leland, who claimed to have discovered it as the 'fifth Celtic tongue.'

There are approximately 86,000 worldwide speakers of Shelta, with anywhere from 6,000-25,000 in Ireland itself according to various sources. The language is spoken almost exclusively by Travellers, though linguists have documented Shelta since at least the 1870s. Both Celtic expert Kuno Meyer and Romany expert John Sampson assert that Shelta existed as far back as the 13th century.

Shelta is regularily referenced as meaning that it presumeably originated in the land of the Shelts, or in this case, Shets, from which the region Shetland is named after, meaning "Land of the Shets." It has been suggested that the word "Shelta" itself derives from the Irish word "siúlta", meaning "of walking". This refers to the nomadic lifestyle of the Travellers, as well as the fact that they were commonly referred to for a time as "the Walking People" by English speakers in Ireland. In Irish, Travellers are called an Lucht siúil "the walking people" (literally "the people of walking"). The form an Lucht siúlta (with the same meaning), although not usual, is not beyond the bounds of possibility.

An example of a Shelta word that now has common usage in everyday speech in Britain is the word 'bloke' meaning a man, first usage mid 19th century. (ref. etymology Oxford Dictionary)

Contents

[edit] Phonology

[edit] Vowels

Front N.-front Central Back
Close i u
Near-close ɪ
Close-mid e o
Mid ə
Open-Mid ɛ ɔ
Near-open æ
Open ɑ•ɒ
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[edit] Comparison texts

Below are reproduction of the Lord's Prayer in Shelta, as it occurred a century ago, and Irish Traveller Cant with modern English and Irish versions for comparison. The 19th century Shelta version show a high Shelta lexical content while the Cant version a much lower Shelta lexical content. Both version are adapted from Hancock<ref name=Hancock86>I. Hancock (1986) "The cryptolectal speech of the American roads: Traveller Cant and American Angloromani." In American Speech, 61:3, (pp. 207-208)</ref> who notes that the Cant reproduction is not exactly representative of actual speech in normal situations.

Mwilsha's gater, swart a manyath, (Shelta)
Our gathra, who cradgies in the manyak-norch, (Cant)
Our Father, who art in heaven, (English)
Ár n-Athair atá ar neamh, (Irish)
Manyi graw a kradji dilsha's manik.
We turry kerrath about your moniker.
Hallowed be thy Name.
Go naofar d'ainm,
Graw bi greydid, sheydi laadu
Let's turry to the norch where your jeel cradgies,
Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done,
Go dtaga do ríocht, Go ndéantar do thoil
Az aswart in manyath.
And let your jeel shans get greydied nosher same as it is where you cradgie.
On earth as it is in heaven.
ar an talamh, mar a dhéantar ar neamh.
Bag mwilsha talosk minyart goshta dura.
Bug us eynik to lush this thullis,
Give us this day our daily bread.
Ár n-arán laethúil tabhair dúinn inniu,
Geychel aur shaaku areyk mwilsha
And turri us you're nijesh sharrig for the gammy eyniks we greydied
And forgive us our trespasses,
Agus maith dúinn ár bhfiacha
Geychas needjas greydi gyamyath mwilsha.
Just like we ain't sharrig at the gammi needies that greydi the same to us.
As we forgive those who trespass against us.
Mar a mhaithimidne dár bhféichiúna féin
Nijesh solk mwil start gyamyath,
Nijesh let us soonie eyniks that'll make us greydi gammy eyniks,
And lead us not into temptation,
Ach ná lig sinn i gcathú
Bat bog mwilsha ahim gyamyath.
But solk us away from the taddy.
But deliver us from evil.
Ach saor sinn ó olc.
Diyil the sridag, taajirath an manyath
[no Cant]
For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory,
Mar is leatsa an ríocht, an chumhacht, agus an ghlóir]
Gradum a gradum.
[no Cant]
For ever and ever.
[no Irish]
[no Shelta]
[no Cant]
Amen.
Amen.

[edit] Bibliography

"The Secret Languages of Ireland." by R. A. Stewart Macalister. Craobh Rua Books <references/>

[edit] External links

fr:Shelta he:שלטה nl:Shelta no:Shelta pl:Język shelta fi:Shelta zh:雪爾塔語 es:Shelta

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