Sinti
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sinte or Sinti (Singular masc.=Sinto; sing. fem.=Sintisa) is the name some communities of the nomadic people usually called "Gypsies" in English prefer for themselves. This includes communities known in German and Dutch as Zigeuner and in Italian as Zingari. They are closely related to, and are usually considered to be a subgroup of, the Roma people. The origin of the name "Sinti/Sinte" is unclear, although it bears a similarity to the toponym Sindh (and inhabitants' name, the Sindhis), the area which linguistic and cultural evidence indicates was the likely geographic origin of the Roma, in the Southeast of what is today Pakistan.
While the Sinte were, until quite recently, chiefly nomadic, today only a small percentage of the group remains unsettled. In earlier times, they frequently lived on the outskirts of communities, generally in squalor.
The Sinte arrived in Germany and Austria in the Middle Ages, eventually splitting into two groups: Eftavagarja ("the Seven Caravans") and Estraxarja ("from Austria"). These two groups then expanded, the Eftavagarja into France, where they assimilated into the local Romani groups (Manouches), and the Estraxarja into Italy and Eastern Europe, mainly Croatia, Hungary, Transylvania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, eventually adopting various regional names.
The Sinte have produced a great number of renowned musicians, such as jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt. The Sinto Häns'che Weiss produced a record in Germany in the 1970s in which he sang about the Poraimos (Romani Holocaust) in his own language. This caused a furor among his people who did not want the language to be made known to the "Gadje". Many younger Germans first learned about this part of Holocaust history as a result of this recording. Titi Winterstein and several members of Reinhardt's clan still play traditional and modern "Gypsy jazz" all over Europe. The jazz keyboardist Joe Zawinul is also of Sinte (sintenghero) descent.
The Sinte speak a dialect of the Romani language called "Romanes, Sintenghero Tschib(en)", which is fully Romani by vocabulary, with primarily only grammatical differences, and exhibits strong German influence.
[edit] Further reading
- Walter Winter, Struan Robertson (Translator) Winter Time: Memoirs of a German who Survived Auschwitz Hertfordshire Publications, (2004), ISBN 1-902806-38-7
- Reviewed by Emma Brockes "We had the same pain" in The Guardian November 29, 2004de:Sinti
eo:Sintioj ja:シンティ・ロマ人 nl:Sinti no:Sinti nn:Sinti sv:Sinti pl:Sinti rmy:Sinti
