Speech disorder

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

**Speech disorder**
*Classifications and external resources*
ICD-10	F 80., R 49.
ICD-9	315.3, 784.4

Speech disorders, or speech impediments as they are also called, are a type of communication disorders where 'normal' speech is disrupted. This can mean stuttering, lisps, vocal dysphonia etc. Someone who is totally unable to speak due to a speech disorder is considered mute.

1 Classification
2 Causes
3 Treatment
4 Social effects of speech disorders
5 Famous persons with speech impediments
6 References
7 External links

[edit] Classification

Classifying speech into normal and disordered is more problematic than it first seems. By a strict classification, only 5% to 10% of the population have a completely normal (with respect to all parameters) and healthy voice, all others suffer from one disorder or another. Dysphonia, that is, incomplete functionality of the vocal folds, is one of the most common and can be observed as, for example, an unusual roughness of the voice. Stuttering is also quite common: about 7% of the population suffer from it at some point in life.

[edit] Causes

There are various causes of speech impediments, such as "hearing loss, neurological disorders, brain injury, mental retardation, drug abuse, physical impairments such as cleft lip or palate, and vocal abuse or misuse." However, in many cases the cause is unknown.<ref name="ref1">"Disability Info: Speech and Language Disorders Fact Sheet (FS11)." National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities. http://www.nichcy.org/pubs/factshe/fs11txt.htm</ref> Some may be bullied for their disorder, which in many cases, makes matters worse.

[edit] Treatment

Many of these types of disorders can be treated by speech therapy, but others require medical attention by a doctor in phoniatrics. Other treatments include correction of organic conditions and psychotherapy<ref name="ref2">"Speech Defect." Encyclopedia.com. http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/s1/speechde.asp</ref>.

In the United States, school-age children with a speech disorder are often placed in special education programs. More than 700000 of the students served in the public schools’ special education programs in the 2000-2001 school year were categorized as having a speech or language impairment. This estimate does not include children who have speech/language problems secondary to other conditions such as deafness"<ref name="ref1" />.Many school districts provide the students with speech therapy during school hours.

[edit] Social effects of speech disorders

Suffering from a speech disorder can have negative social effects, especially among young children. Those with a speech disorder can be targets of bullying because of their disorder. The bullying can result in decreased self-esteem. As well, having a speech disorder can cause some sufferers to be shy and have poor public speaking skills.

[edit] Famous persons with speech impediments

Some information in this article or section has not been verified and may not be reliable.
Please check for any inaccuracies, and modify and cite sources as needed.