Square pyramidal number
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In mathematics, a pyramidal number, or square pyramidal number, is a figurate number that represents a pyramid with a base and four sides. Two equivalent ways of calculating the n-th pyramidal number are
- <math>\sum_{k=1}^nk^2={(n^2 + n)(2n + 1) \over 6}</math>
that is, by adding up the squares of the first n integers, or by multiplying the nth pronic number by the nth odd number. By mathematical induction it is possible to derive one formula from the other.
The first few pyramidal numbers are:
1, 5, 14, 30, 55, 91, 140, 204, 285, 385, 506, 650, 819
The pyramidal numbers can also be expressed as sums of binomial coefficients thus:
<math>{{n + 2} \choose 3} + {{n + 1} \choose 3}</math>
Pyramidal numbers can be modelled in physical space with a given number of balls and a square frame that hold in place the number of balls forming the base, that is, n2. Besides 1, there is only one other number that is both a square and a pyramidal number, 4900, the 70th square number and the 24th square pyramidal number. This fact was proven by G. N. Watson in 1918.
The sum of two consecutive square pyramidal numbers is an octahedral number.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Sigma Notation and Relation between Tetrahedral Numbers and Pyramidal Numbers Video PodCast by http://www.isallaboutmath.com
[edit] References
- M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964: 813.
- A. H. Beiler, Recreations in the Theory of Numbers, Dover, NY, 1964: 194.
- Entry "Square Pyramidal Number" in E. Weisstein, CRC concise encyclopedia of mathematics Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2003cs:Pyramidové číslo
de:Pyramidenzahl fr:Nombre pyramidal carré sl:Kvadratno piramidno število
