St. Augustine, Florida
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Image:Five flags of Florida.jpg St. Augustine is a city in St. Johns County, Florida, in the United States. It lies in a region of Florida known as the First Coast. According to the 2000 census, the city population was 11,592; in 2004, the population estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau was 12,157 [1]. It is the county seat of St. Johns CountyGR6. It is the oldest continuously occupied city and port in the continental United States.
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[edit] History
The oldest continuously occupied European-founded settlement in the continental United States, St. Augustine was founded by the Spanish. The first Christian worship service held in a permanent settlement in the current United States was a Catholic Mass celebrated in St. Augustine. A few settlements were founded prior to St. Augustine but all failed, including the original Pensacola colony in West Florida (founded 1559) — which was wiped out by a hurricane a mere two years after its founding, and Fort Caroline in what is today Jacksonville, Florida in 1564. The city was founded by the Spanish admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés on August 28, 1565, the feast day of Augustine of Hippo, and consequently named by him San Agustín. Martin de Arguelles, the first European born on territory destined to become the United States, was born here one year later in 1566. This came 21 years before the English settlement at Roanoke Island, in Virginia Colony, and 42 years before the successful settlements of Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Jamestown, Virginia.
In 1586 St. Augustine was attacked and burned by Sir Francis Drake. In 1668 it was plundered by pirates and most of the inhabitants were killed. In 1702 and 1740 it was unsuccessfully attacked by British forces from their new colonies in the Carolinas and Georgia. The most serious of these came in the latter year, when James Oglethorpe of Georgia allied himself with Ahaya the Cowkeeper, chief of the Alachua band of the Seminole tribe to lay siege to the city.
In 1763, the Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War and gave Florida and St. Augustine to the British, an acquisition the British had been unable to take by force and keep due to the strong fort there. St. Augustine came under British rule and served as a Loyalist (pro-British) colony during the American Revolutionary War. A Treaty of Paris in 1783 gave the American colonies north of Florida their independence, and ceded Florida to Spain in recognition of Spanish success during the war.
Florida was under Spanish control again from 1784 to 1821. During this time, Spain was being invaded by Napoleon and was struggling to retain its colonies. Florida no longer held its past importance to Spain. The expanding United States, however, regarded Florida as vital to its interests. In 1821, the Adams-Onís Treaty peaceably turned the Spanish colonies in Florida and, with them, St. Augustine, over to the United States.
Florida was a territorial possession of the United States until 1845 when it became a U.S. state. In 1861, the American Civil War began and Florida seceded from the Union and joined the Confederacy. Days before Florida seceded, state troops took the fort at St. Augustine from a small Union garrison (January 7, 1861). However, federal troops loyal to the United States Government quickly reoccupied the city (March 11, 1862) and remained in control throughout the four-year-long war. In 1865, Florida rejoined the United States.
Spanish Colonial era buildings still existing in the city include the fortress Castillo de San Marcos. The fortress successfully repelled the British attacks of the 18th century, was occupied by Union troops during the American Civil War, and later served as a prison for the Native American leader Osceola. It is now the Castillo de San Marcos National Monument.
In the late 19th century the railroad came to town, and led by northeastern industrialist Henry Flagler, St. Augustine became a winter resort for the very wealthy. A number of mansions and palatial grand hotels of this era still exist, some converted to other use, such as housing parts of Flagler College and museums. Flagler went on to develop much more of Florida's east coast, including his Florida East Coast Railway which eventually reached Key West in 1912.
The city is a popular tourist attraction, for the rich Spanish Colonial Revival Style architectural heritage as well as elite 19th century architecture. In 1938 the theme park Marineland opened just south of St. Augustine, becoming one of Florida's first themed parks and setting the stage for the development of this industry in the following decades.
[edit] Geography
St. Augustine is located at (29.894264, -81.313208)GR1.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 27.8 km² (10.7 mi²). 21.7 km² (8.4 mi²) of it is land and 6.1 km² (2.4 mi²) of it (21.99%) is water.
Access to the Atlantic Ocean is via the St. Augustine Inlet of the Matanzas River.
[edit] Demographics
As of the censusGR2 of 2000, there were 11,592 people, 4,963 households, and 2,600 families residing in the city. The population density was 534.7/km² (1,384.6/mi²). There were 5,642 housing units at an average density of 260.3/km² (673.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 81.21% White, 15.07% African American, 0.41% Native American, 0.72% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.88% from other races, and 1.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.11% of the population.
There were 4,963 households out of which 18.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.4% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.6% were non-families. 36.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.76.
In the city the population was spread out with 16.1% under the age of 18, 15.3% from 18 to 24, 23.9% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 84.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.4 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $32,358, and the median income for a family was $41,892. Males had a median income of $27,099 versus $25,121 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,225. About 9.8% of families and 15.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.8% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.
[edit] Points of interest
Image:Flagler College 2005-Sept fl 104.JPEG Image:StAugCityHall LichtnerMuseum.jpg
- Alligator Farm
- Anastasia State Park
- Bridge of Lions
- Casa Monica Hotel
- Castillo de San Marcos
- Cathedral of St. Augustine
- City Gates
- Flagler College, part of which is the former Ponce de Leon Hotel
- Fort Matanzas National Monument
- Florida School for the Deaf and Blind
- Fort Mose Historic State Park
- Fountain of Youth
- Ghost tours, hauntings and more, from the corner of Charlotte and Cuna Streets
- Gonzalez-Alvarez House (Oldest House)
- Grace United Methodist Church
- Lightner Museum, in the former Hotal Alcazar
- Museum of Weapons & Early American History
- Old St. Johns County Jail
- Oldest Wooden Schoolhouse
- Potters Wax Museum
- Ripley's Believe it or Not! Museum
- St. Augustine Lighthouse and Museum
- St. George Street
- Trinity Episcopal Church
- World Golf Village & World Golf Hall of Fame
- Zorayda Castle
[edit] Notable Residents, Past And Present
- Prince Achille Murat
- Jim Albrecht, World Series Of Poker Tournament Director, Commentator and Film Consultant
- Richard Boone, Actor
- Ray Charles, Pianist
- Ponce De Leon, Explorer, European Discoverer of Florida
- Henry Flagler, Industrialist
- Geronimo, Native American Warrior (Held Prisoner At Fort Marion, now Castillo de San Marcos)
- Lindy Infante, Pro Football Coach
- Robert Krausz, Stock market advisor and investor
- Scott Lagasse Jr., NASCAR Driver
- Otto C. Lightner, renowned antiquities collector and primary benefactor of the Lightner Museum
- Johnny Mize, Baseball Player
- Chief Osceola, Seminole Indian Chief (Held Prisoner At Fort Marion, now Castillo de San Marcos)
- Tom Petty, Rock Musician
- Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Author
- Steve Spurrier, Legendary College and Pro Football Coach
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Lighthouse Archaeological Maritime Program (LAMP) Maritime archaeology in America's oldest port
- Virtual Tour of St. Augustine
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to: |
- City of St. Augustine Official Website
- Castillo de San Marcos Website, US National Park Service
- St. Augustine Lighthouse and Museum
- St. Augustine Business Links Directory
- St. Augustine Record, online edition of local newspaper
- 'Salt Run', a novel set in St. Augustine
- Twine Collection Over 100 images of the St. Augustine community of Lincolnville between 1922 and 1927. From the State Library & Archives of Florida.
- Maps and aerial photos
- Street map from Google Maps, or Yahoo! Maps, or Windows Live Local
- Satellite image from Google Maps, Windows Live Local, WikiMapia
- Topographic map from TopoZone
- Aerial image or topographic map from TerraServer-USA
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es:San Agustín (Florida) fr:St. Augustine io:St. Augustine, Florida it:St. Augustine (Florida) ja:セントオーガスティン pl:St. Augustine (Floryda) pt:St. Augustine
