Sumatran Tiger

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iSumatran Tiger

Image:Panthera tigris sumatran subspecies.jpg

Image:Status iucn3.1 CR.svg
Critically endangered (CR)<ref>Cat Specialist Group (1996). Panthera tigris ssp. sumatrae. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 11 May 2006. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this subspecies is critically endangered and the criteria used.</ref>

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Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Felidae
Genus:	Panthera
Species:	P. tigris
Subspecies:	P. t. sumatrae

Trinomial name

Panthera tigris sumatrae
Pocock, 1929

The Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is found only on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The wild population is estimated at between 400 and 500 animals, occurring predominantly in the island's national parks. Recent genetic testing has revealed the presence of unique genetic markers, indicating that it may develop into a separate species, if it is not made extinct.<ref name=Cracraft1998>Cracraft J., Felsenstein J., Vaughn J., Helm-Bychowski K. (1998). "Sorting out tigers (Panthera tigris) Mitochondrial sequences, nuclear inserts, systematics, and conservation genetics". Animal Conservation 1: 139–150.</ref> This has led to suggestions that the Sumatran Tiger should have greater priority for conservation than any other subspecies. Habitat destruction is the main threat to the existing tiger population (logging continues even in the supposedly protected national parks), but 66 tigers were recorded as being shot and killed between 1998 and 2000—nearly 20% of the total population.

1 Physical characteristics
2 Habitat
3 Diet
4 Reproduction
5 References
6 External links

[edit] Physical characteristics

The Sumatran Tiger is the smallest of all tiger subspecies. Male Sumatran Tigers average 92 inches in length from head to tail and weigh about 300 pounds. Females average 78 inches in length and weigh about 200 pounds. Its stripes are narrower than other subspecies of tigers' stripes, and it has a more bearded and maned appearance, especially the males. Its small size makes it easier to move through the jungle. It has webbing between its toes that when spread, makes them very fast swimmers. It has been known to drive hoofed prey into the water, especially if the prey animal is a slow swimmer. It's fur has also been known to turn a dark greeny colour when giving birth.

[edit] Habitat

Image:Tiger - melbourne zoo.jpg

The Sumatran Tiger is only found in Sumatra: an island in Indonesia. It lives anywhere from lowland forests to mountain forest and inhabit many unprotected areas. Only about 400 live in game reserves and national parks and the rest are spread out in areas that are quickly being lost to agriculture. The reserves are not safe because despite conservation efforts, many tigers are killed by poachers each year.

[edit] Diet

Image:SumatranTigerEating.jpg

What a tiger eats depends on where it lives and how plentiful the prey is. They have very acute senses of hearing and sight so the tigers are very efficient hunters. They are solitary animals and they hunt at night, stalking the prey slowly and patiently before attacking at the rear or sides. They eat whatever they can catch, commonly wild boar and deer, and sometimes fowl, and fish. Orangutans could be prey, but since they spend a minimal amount of time on the ground, tigers rarely catch one.

[edit] Reproduction

Tigers can breed at any time of year, though they typically breed during the winter or spring, and the gestation period is about 103 days. Normally they have 2 or 3 cubs, but can have as many as 6. The cubs are born with their eyes closed and weigh approximately 3 pounds (1.36 kg) each. Their eyes usually open by the tenth day, though some zoo born cubs have been recorded to have their eyes open at birth. They only consume milk for the first 8 weeks and after they can start trying harder food but still suckle for 5 or 6 months. The cubs first leave the den at 2 weeks old and learn to hunt at 6 months old. They can completely hunt for themselves at 18 months and at 2 years they are fully independent. They can live for about 15 years in the wild, and 20 in captivity.