The city is bordered by many municipalities: to the northeast by Millburn in Essex County, to the northwest by Chatham and Chatham Township, both in Morris County, to the west by New Providence, to the southwest by Berkeley Heights, to the south by Mountainside and to the southeast by Springfield Township.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 15.7 km² (6.1 mi²). 15.7 km² (6.1 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it (0.33%) is water.

[edit] Demographics

As of the census^GR2 of 2000, there were 21,131 people, 7,897 households, and 5,606 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,348.5/km² (3,490.7/mi²). There were 8,146 housing units at an average density of 519.9/km² (1,345.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 87.77% White, 4.33% African American, 0.09% Native American, 4.45% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.70% from other races, and 1.65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.17% of the population.

There were 7,897 households out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.1% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non-families. 23.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the city the population was spread out with 27.0% under the age of 18, 4.4% from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $92,964, and the median income for a family was $117,053. Males had a median income of $85,625 versus $46,811 for females. The per capita income for the city was $62,598. About 2.5% of families and 4.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.1% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.

[edit] History

The region in which Summit is located was purchased from Native Americans on October 28, 1664. Summit's earliest European settlers came to the area around the year 1710.<ref name=about>About Summit, accessed November 25, 2006</ref>

The original name of Summit was "Turkey Hill" to distinguish it from the area then known as "Turkey" (New Providence's original name until 1759) where turkeys were known to run wild. During the American Revolutionary War period, Summit was known as "Beacon Hill", because bonfire beacons were lit on an eastern ridge in Summit to warn the New Jersey militiamen of approaching British troops.<ref>History of Springfield, accessed November 25, 2006</ref>

Summit was called the "Heights over Springfield" during the late 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, and was considered a part of New Providence. During this period, Summit was part of a regional government called Springfield Township, which eventually broke up into separate municipalities. Eventually only Summit and New Providence remained joined.

In 1837, the Morris and Essex Railroad, which became the Delaware Lackawanna and Western Railroad and is now the New Jersey Transit's Morris and Essex Lines, was built over what was then called the "The Summit" hill, and the name was later shortened to Summit.

In 1869, Summit and New Providence separated and the Summit area became the "Township of Summit". The present-day incarnation of Summit, known formerly as the City of Summit was incorporated thirty years later on April 11, 1899.<ref name=about/>

In the 19th Century, Summit served as a nearby getaway spot for wealthy residents of New York City, who were in search of fresh air and a convenient weekend getaway. Weekenders would reach Summit via the railroad, and would relax at large grand hotels and smaller inns and guest houses.

Image:Oak Ridge Avenue, Summit NJ.jpg

Following World War II, the city experienced a great building boom, as living outside New York City and commuting to work became more common and the population of New Jersey grew. At this point, Summit took on its suburban character of tree lined streets and suburban houses that it is known for today. <ref> Summit Historical Society: The City of Summit, accessed November 25, 2006</ref>

[edit] Government

[edit] Local government

Summit is governed under the Faulkner Act form of municipal government, under New Jersey's Faulkner Act . The mayor is elected by the city for a four year term and is the city's official spokesman and chief elected official. The mayor can appoint various officials, including the Police Chief and the Board of Education. He serves as the Chairman of the Board of School Estimate and on various committees, and has the right to speak at Common Council meetings. The mayor can only vote to break ties in the Council and has the right to speak out on issues. This bully pulpit role is considered the mayor's strongest power.

The Common Council has the chief policy making and administrative oversight role in city government. The Council approves all laws and adopts the city budget. The Council also oversees the work of city department heads. The Council consists of three members from Ward I and three members from Ward II and one member elected at-large. The six ward members serve three year terms and the at-large member serves a two year term. The Council elects from its membership a President for a one year term and a President Pro Tem for a one year term. The President presides at all Council meetings and the President Pro Tem presides in the President's absence. The President Pro Tem also serves as Acting Mayor in the absence of the Mayor.

Summit has been considered a stronghold for the Republican Party for years. From 1921 to 2001 no Democrats served in elective office and very few ran for office. The real elections occurred in the Republican Primary. In 2001, Michel Bitritto won a Council seat in Ward I and Jordan Glatt won the at-large council seat. Summit had never elected a Democratic Mayor until 2003, when Jordan Glatt was elected. Michel Bitritto was defeated for reelection in 2004.

Jordan Glatt is the current Mayor of Summit. Members of the Common Council are:<ref>Summit Mayor and Council, accessed August 21, 2006</ref>

At-large: Frank Macioce
Ward I: Ellen K. Dickson
Ward I: Thomas Getzendanner
Ward I: Diane Klaif
Ward II: Dave A. Bomgaars
Ward II: J. Andrew Lark
Ward II: Michael J. Vernotico

Christopher Cotter is the City Administrator of Summit. In this role he directs day to day operations of city government and the city departments. He is a former Fire Chief and Director of Community Services.

[edit] Federal, state and county representation

Summit is in the Seventh Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 21st Legislative District.<ref>League of Women Voters: 2006 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, p. 64, accessed August 30, 2006</ref>

New Jersey's Seventh Congressional District, covering portions of Hunterdon County, Middlesex County, Somerset County and Union County, is represented by Mike Ferguson (R). New Jersey is represented in the Senate by Frank Lautenberg (D, Cliffside Park) and Robert Menendez (D, Hoboken).

The 21st legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Thomas Kean Jr. (R, Westfield) and in the Assembly by Jon Bramnick (R, Westfield) and Eric Munoz (R, Summit). Munoz is a Summit resident and former Councilman-at-Large. The Governor of New Jersey is Jon Corzine (D, Hoboken).

Union County is governed by a nine-member Board of Chosen Freeholders. As of the January 2006 reorganization, Union County's Freeholders are: Freeholder Chairman Alexander Mirabella, Freeholder Vice Chairman Bette Jane Kowalski, Angel G. Estrada, Chester Holmes, Adrian O. Mapp, Rick Proctor, Deborah P. Scanlon, Daniel P. Sullivan and Nancy Ward.

[edit] Education

Students in Pre-Kindergarten through 12th grade are educated by the Summit Public Schools. Schools in the district (with 2003-04 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are:

Elementary Schools

Brayton School with 443 students (K-5)
Franklin School with 350 students (K-5)
Jefferson School with 225 students (K-5)
Lincoln-Hubbard School with 397 students (PK-5)
Washington School with 342 students (PK-5)

Middle School

Lawton C. Johnson Summit Middle School with 841 students (6-8)

High School

Summit High School with 907 students (9-12)

Summit High School was ranked as Number 149 in Newsweek magazine's recent listing of "America's Best High Schools" in the August 5, 2005 issue<ref>The Complete List of the 1,000 Top U.S. Schools, Newsweek magazine, August 5, 2005</ref>.

Private Schools:

Kent Place School (K-12)
Oak Knoll School of the Holy Child (K-12)
Oratory Preparatory School (7-12)

[edit] Culture

[edit] Landmarks

The Summit Diner, located on the corner of Union Place & Summit Ave., is an O'Mahony diner that has wood paneled walls, eight booths and 20 stools. It is an historic diner known for its Taylor Ham, Egg & Cheese sandwiches. Local legend says author Ernest Hemingway visited the diner and later used it as a setting for his short story "The Killers".
Newman Hall is one of Summit's first mansions, built in the late 1800s. Its grounds were referred to as "The Park". It is today one of Summit's three Registered Historic Places.

[edit] Sports

Information about all of Summit High School's sports teams as well as several local youth athletic associations is available at [1]

[edit] Transportation

Image:Summit NJT station.jpg

Service on the New Jersey Transit Gladstone Branch and Morristown Line is available at the Summit station, offering service to Hoboken Terminal and to Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan via the Secaucus Junction.

Route 24 runs along the eastern boundary of Summit. Interstate 78 runs along the southern boundary of Summit.

Newark Liberty International Airport is approximately 15 minutes away via Interstate 78.

[edit] Historical transportation

The Rahway Valley Railroad connected to the defunct Delaware Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W) in Summit. In the early 20th Century, both freight and passenger service were offered by the Rahway Valley Railroad. The line is currently out of service. Union County is exploring the possibility of reactivating the line for freight shipments.

A trolley line called the Morris County Traction Company, once ran a passenger trolley through Summit to/from Newark and Morris County, in the early part of the 20th Century. Broad Street in Summit was designed and built for the trolley, which is why it is wider and straighter than most streets in the city.

Summit had a mini-bus system, with three routes, in the late 1970s. The mini-buses ran through most parts of Summit on long circular routes that were primarily designed to bring commuters to the railroad station in downtown Summit.

[edit] Trivia

The pervasive medication Ritalin was researched and developed at the Ciba facility (now the Schering-Plough campus) located in the western part of Summit.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Notable natives

Actor Danny Devito boarded at Oratory Preparatory School, graduating in 1961.
Mark Donohue, NASCAR driver
Rapper Ice-T resided in Summit as a child, on Park Avenue. He attended the Brayton Elementary School, and moved to Los Angeles to live with family members after the death of his parents.
Mathematician Holbrook Mann MacNeille grew up in Summit and went on to develop radar systems for the Office of Scientific Research and Development in England during World War II
Meryl Streep, actress.<ref>Meryl Streep Biography, The New York Times, accessed November 30, 2006</ref>
The Velvet Underground played their first paid concert at Summit High School Prom.
Willie Wilson, a professional baseball player with the Kansas City Royals (1976-1990), Oakland Athletics (1991-1992) and Chicago Cubs (1993-1994). He was a 2-time All-Star and won the AL batting title in 1982 with a .332 average.

[edit] Notable residents

Fritz Buehning, former tennis player, was born in Summit. He won 1 ATP title and reached Nº21
Noted censor Anthony Comstock lived in Summit during part of his career.
Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine.
William A. Conway, former President and CEO of Garden State National Bank.
James Cramer, stock trader and CNBC's former Kudlow & Cramer and present Mad Money anchor
William "Bill" Larned, a professional tennis player who won the U.S. Open several times around the turn of the century was a Summit resident. Larned Road, which runs by municipal tennis courts at Memorial Field, is named for both him and his father, who once owned the land.
Warner LeRoy, founder of Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township, New Jersey; owned and operated Tavern on the Green and the Russian Tea Room.
Worthington Whittredge, an American landscape artist and important member of the Hudson River School, lived and worked in Summit from 1880 until his death in 1910. (Another street in town, Whittredge Road, is named for him).

[edit] Points of interest

Reeves-Reed Arboretum - Located in North Summit
Watchung Reservation - Borders Summit to the South

[edit] References

[edit] External links

The Official City of Summit Website
The Summit Public Schools Website
Summit Public Schools's 2004-2005 School Report Card from the New Jersey Department of Education
National Center for Education Statistics data for the Summit Public Schools
The Official Summit Police Website
The Official Summit Chamber of Commerce Website
Summit Hilltopper Sports
Maps and aerial photos Coordinates: 40.716201° -74.362459°
- Street map from Google Maps, or Yahoo! Maps, or Windows Live Local
- Satellite image from Google Maps, Windows Live Local, WikiMapia
- Topographic map from TopoZone
- Aerial image or topographic map from TerraServer-USA
Summit Historical Society

Image:Map of New Jersey highlighting Union County.svg	Municipalities of Union County, New Jersey (County Seat: Elizabeth) This box: view • talk • edit</div>
Cities	Elizabeth \| Linden \| Plainfield \| Rahway \| Summit
Town	Westfield
Townships	Berkeley Heights \| Clark \| Cranford \| Hillside \| Scotch Plains \| Springfield Township \| Union Township \| Winfield Township
Boroughs	Fanwood \| Garwood \| Kenilworth \| Mountainside \| New Providence \| Roselle \| Roselle Park

Image:Flag of New Jersey.svg	State of New Jersey This box: view • talk • edit</div>
Capital	Trenton
Regions	Central Jersey \| Delaware Valley \| Jersey Shore \| Meadowlands \| North Jersey \| Pine Barrens \| South Jersey \| New York metro area \| Tri-State Region
Cities	Atlantic City \| Bayonne \| Camden \| Clifton \| East Orange \| Elizabeth \| Hackensack \| Hoboken \| Jersey City \| Linden \| Long Branch \| New Brunswick \| Newark \| Passaic \| Paterson \| Perth Amboy \| Plainfield \| Princeton \| Toms River \| Trenton \|Union City \| Vineland \| In addition to the major cities listed, All Municipalities (by Population)
Counties	Atlantic \| Bergen \| Burlington \| Camden \| Cape May \| Cumberland \| Essex \| Gloucester \| Hudson \| Hunterdon \| Mercer \| Middlesex \| Monmouth \| Morris \| Ocean \| Passaic \| Salem \| Somerset \| Sussex \| Union \| Warren

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Categories: Articles with unsourced statements | Cities in New Jersey | Faulkner Act Council-Manager | Union County, New Jersey | 1899 establishments

Summit, New Jersey

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Contents

[edit] Geography