Sweet Chestnut

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iSweet Chestnut

Sweet Chestnut fruit

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Fagales
Family:	Fagaceae
Genus:	Castanea
Species:	C. sativa

Binomial name

Castanea sativa
Mill.

The Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa, family Fagaceae) is a species of chestnut native to southeastern Europe and Asia Minor. It is a medium-sized to large deciduous tree attaining a height of 20-35 m with a trunk often 2 m in diameter. The oblong-lanceolate, boldly toothed leaves are 16-28 cm long and 5-9 cm broad.

The flowers of both sexes are borne in 10-20 cm long, upright catkins, the male flowers in the upper part and female flowers in the lower part. They appear in late June to July, and by autumn, the female flowers develop into spiny cupules containing 3-7 brownish nuts that are shed during October.

The bark often has an unmistakable, yet beautifully net-shaped (retiform) pattern, due to the fact that its deep furrows or fissures do not only run spirally in one direction up the trunk, they often do so in an opposite direction as well and when the two directions meet this criss-cross effect becomes distinctly visible.

The tree requires a mild climate and adequate moisture for good growth and a good nut harvest. It is sensitive to late spring and early autumn frosts, and is intolerant of lime. Under forest conditions it will tolerate moderate shade well.

Image:Chestnut03.jpg

[edit] Uses

Sweet Chestnut is widely cultivated for its edible nuts. As early as Roman times it was introduced into more northerly regions, and later it was cultivated in monastery gardens by monks. Today, centuries-old specimens may be found in Great Britain and the whole of central and western Europe. The nuts, which are very tasty, are used by confectioners and are also eaten roasted. They are popular in France, Italy and particularly in Corsica. They may be roasted whole or ground to make flour. The Corsican variety of polenta (called pulenta) is made with sweet chestnut flour. A local variety of Corsican beer also uses chesnuts as one of its added ingredients. The durable wood is used to make furniture, barrels (sometimes used to age balsamic vinegar), fencing and roof beams in houses of the Alpujarra, Spain; due to its tendency to split and warp badly, it is not used in large pieces. The bark also provides tannin.

[edit] References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Castanea sativa

Flora Europaea: Castanea sativa
Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. HarperCollins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.

			Sweet Chestnut tree
Middle Rhine Valley, Germany	Retiform bark	Ancient Sweet Chestnut coppice, Banstead Woods, Surrey, UK	Sweet Chestnut, from Thomé, Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, 1885