BAE Hawk
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| BAE Hawk | |
|---|---|
 | |
| BAE Hawk T.1 trainer of No. 208 Squadron RAF. | |
| Type | Military trainer aircraft |
| Manufacturers | Hawker-Siddeley British Aerospace (1977-1999) BAE Systems (1999 onwards) |
| Designed by | Hawker-Siddeley |
| Maiden flight | 1974 |
| Primary user | Royal Air Force |
| Unit cost | £18 million (2003) |
The BAE Systems (BAE) Hawk is an advanced jet trainer which first flew in 1974 as the Hawker-Siddeley Hawk. It is used by the Royal Air Force, and other air forces, as either a trainer or a low-cost combat aircraft. The T-45 Goshawk is a highly-modified version built by Boeing, and used by the United States Navy as a carrier-based trainer.
Contents |
[edit] History
In 1964 the Royal Air Force specified a requirement for a new initial jet trainer to replace the Folland Gnat. The SEPECAT Jaguar was originally intended for this role, but it was soon realised that it would be too complex an aircraft for initial jet training. Accordingly, in 1968 Hawker-Siddeley began the design of a much simpler strictly subsonic trainer, the HS.1182. It was to have tandem seating and would be capable of carrying armaments, which would enable it to be used as a weapons trainer and in light combat roles.
Renamed "Hawk" in 1973, the aircraft first flew in 1974. It entered RAF service in April 1976, replacing the Gnat and Hawker Hunter in the advanced training and weapons training roles respectively. The following year Hawker Siddeley merged with other British aircraft companies to form the nationalised British Aerospace (BAe), which subsequently became BAE Systems upon merger with Marconi Electronic Systems in 1999.
The most famous RAF operator of the Hawk is the Red Arrows aerobatic team, which adopted the plane in 1979. The Hawk has excellent manoeuvrability, and while it is not capable of supersonic speed in level flight, it can attain Mach 1.2 in a dive, allowing trainees to experience transsonic handling without the cost of a supersonic trainer.
The Hawk subsequently replaced the English Electric Canberra in the target towing role.
The Royal Navy acquired a dozen Hawk T.Mk 1/1As from the RAF, for use as aerial targets for the training of ships gunners and radar operators.
[edit] Variants
[edit] Hawk T.1/T.1A
The T.1 ("Trainer Mark 1") was the original version of the Hawk used by the RAF, deliveries commencing in November 1976. The UK ordered 176 T1s.
From 1983 to 1986, some Hawks were equipped as the short-range interceptor aircraft for point defence. 88 T.1s were modified to carry two AIM-9L Sidewinder air-to-air missiles in addition to the centerline gun pod carrying a single 30 mm ADEN cannon. These aircraft were designated T.1A. In the event of war, they would have worked in collaboration with Tornado F.3 aircraft, which would use their Foxhunter search radars to vector the radarless Hawks against enemy targets. Such missions would have been flown by instructor pilots. Conversions were completed in 1986. With the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, RAF Hawks are no longer tasked with this role.
80 T.1s are being upgraded under the Fuselage Replacement Programme (FRP), which involves the replacement of the aft centre and rear fuselage sections, using new build sections derived from the Mk. 60.
[edit] Hawk 50
The Hawk 50 was the original export trainer version, and offered a limited attack capability. Finland, Indonesia and Kenya ordered 89 of this variant.
- Hawk 51 - Export version for the Finnish Air Force.
- Hawk 51A - Seven Hawks were sold to Finland as part of a follow-on order.
- Hawk 52 - Export version for the Kenyan Air Force.
- Hawk 53 - Export version for the Indonesian Air Force.
[edit] Hawk 60
Another export version, replacing the Hawk 50, intended for conversion and weapons training. Weapons carriage is increased. It is a two-seater, has uprated Rolls-Royce Adour 861 engines, and is capable of a level speed at altitude of 555 knots (1028 km/h) or Mach 0.84. The T-45 Goshawk (see below) was derived fom this version. <ref name="Donald">Donald, David: Warplanes of the Fleet, page 175. AIRtime Publishing Inc, 2004. ISBN 1-880588-81-1</ref><ref name="Frawley">Frawley, Gerard: The International Directiory of Military Aircraft, page 48. Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2002. ISBN 1-875671-55-2</ref>
- Hawk 60 - Export version for the Air Force of Zimbabwe. Eight Hawks were sold to Zimbabwe, they were delivered between July and October of 1982.
- Hawk 60A -Five Hawks were sold to Zimbabwe as part of a follow-on order. The aircraft were delivered between June and September of 1992.
- Hawk 61 - Export version for Dubai, United Arab Emirates Air Force
- Hawk 63 - Export version for Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Air Force.
- Hawk 63A - 15 Hawk 63s were upgraded to this standard.
- Hawk 63C - Four aircraft were sold to Adu Dhabi as part of a follow-on order.
- Hawk 64 - Export version for the Kuwait Air Force.
- Hawk 65 - Export version for the Royal Saudi Air Force.
- Hawk 65A - 20 were sold to Saudi Arabia as part of a follow-on order.
- Hawk 66 - Export version for the Swiss Air Force.
- Hawk 67 - Export version for the South Korean Air Force.
[edit] Hawk 100
A two-seat advanced weapons trainer with additional avionics, including forward looking infrared, a redesigned wing and HOTAS.
- Hawk 102 - Export version for Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Air Force.
- Hawk 103 - Export version for the Royal Air Force Of Oman.
- Hawk 108 - Export version for the Royal Malaysian Air Force.
- Hawk 109 - Export version for the Indonesian Air Force.
- Hawk 115 - Export version for the Canadian Forces, designated CT-155 Hawk in Canadian service.
[edit] Hawk 120/LIFT
The Hawk Lead In Fighter Trainer (LIFT) is the version selected by the South African Air Force in December 1999. This variant is powered by the Adour 951. The LIFT benefits from development carried out for the Australian Mk.127. The next generation Hawks (120, 127 and 128) feature a new wing, forward and centre fuselage, fin and tailplane. The aircraft have only 10% commonality with the existing first generation aircraft. The new variants also have four times the fatigue life of the original aircraft. 24 aircraft will be delivered.
[edit] Hawk 127
Thirty three Hawk 127 Lead in Fighters (LIFs) were ordered by the Royal Australian Air Force in June 1997, twelve of which were produced in the UK and twenty one in Australia. This variant is also powered by the Adour 871. The Hawk 127 is operated by No. 76 (New South Wales) and No. 79 (Western Australia) Squadrons of the RAAF.
[edit] Hawk 128
The Hawk 128 is the new Advanced Jet Trainer (AJT) for the RAF and Royal Navy. The Mk.128 includes modern CRT displays instead of conventional instrumentation, and allows preparation for flying modern fighter aircraft, particularly the all "glass" Typhoon. It has Rolls-Royce Adour 951 engines. BAE funded development of the 128, building on the design of the Australian Mk.127 and the South African Mk.120s. A £450 million contract was signed in October 2006 for the production of 28 Hawk 128s. <ref>"BAE lands £450m Hawks contract", Blackpool Today, 2006-10-20. Retrieved on 2006-10-20.</ref> The MoD had originally announced its intention to order 20 aircraft with options for 24 more.
[edit] Hawk 129
The Hawk 129 is a variant for the Royal Bahraini Air Force(RBAF). Six aircraft were ordered in 2002 for delivery in 2006.
[edit] Hawk 132
The latest export variant of the Hawk (previously described as the Mk.115Y). The Mk.132 is destined to enter service with the Indian Air Force (IAF) after one of the most protracted procurement processes in history, with two decades having elapsed between the initial interest and the contract signing on March 26 2004. The IAF will receive 24 aircraft directly from BAE Systems starting in 2007 and another 42 will be assembled by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. during 2008-10. The Indian Navy is also likely to order a small number. Further orders will be a function of how quickly India is able to develop the Combat Air Trainer, a twin-engined trainer derived from the HAL HJT-36 Sitara, whose model was displayed at the Aero India 2005 air show in February 2005.
[edit] Hawk 200
The Hawk 200 is a single seat, lightweight multirole combat fighter with emphasis on air defence, air superiority, anti-shipping, air-denial, long range interdiction, short range close air support, strike with smart weapons and a lead-in trainer for aircraft such as the Eurofighter Typhoon, F-15, F-16, Tornado, and Gripen to name a few. The aircraft is fitted with an advance version of the F-16A APG-66 radar with multimode systems. The aircraft is able to be equipped with the AIM-9 Sidewinder, though, if upgraded, it can be equipped with the AIM-120 AMRAAM and the helmet-mounted cueing system for missiles.
The Malaysian aircraft has the most extensive modification to the aircraft with illumination "slime" lights, wingtip AAMs and inflight refuelling. Its aircraft have been involved in major long-range deployments to areas such as Sabah and the Spratly Islands. Indonesia, Malaysia and Oman have ordered 62 aircraft.
- Hawk 203 - Export version for the Royal Air Force Of Oman.
- Hawk 205 - Proposed export version for the Royal Saudi Air Force.
- Hawk 208 - Export version for the Royal Malaysian Air Force.
- Hawk 209 - Export version for the Indonesian Air Force.
[edit] T-45 Goshawk
A fully carrier-capable version of the Hawk Mk.60 <ref name="Donald"/><ref name="Frawley"/> was developed for the United States Navy for use in training. This version is known as the T-45 Goshawk. It first flew in 1989 and became operational in 1991. Several modifications were required by the Navy for carrier operations, including improvements to the low-speed handling characteristics and a reduction in the approach speed. It features a two-wheel nose landing gear. The Goshawk was manufactured originally by McDonnell Douglas and later by Boeing.
- T-45A - Two-seat basic and advanced jet trainer for the US Navy.
- T-45B - Proposed land-based version of the US Navy. Never built.
- T-45C - Improved T-45A with glass cockpit, inertial navigation, and other improvements.
[edit] Notes
The stepped cockpit, allowing the instructor in the rear seat a good forward view, was an innovation adopted by other training aircraft.
[edit] Operators
[edit] Current users
- Royal Air Force
- No. 100 Squadron
- No. 4 Flying Training School (No. 19(R) Squadron & No. 208(R) Squadron)
- RAF Aerobatic Team
- Royal Navy
- Fleet Requirements Air Direction Unit (FRADU)
- Royal Australian Air Force
- Canadian Forces
- 2 Canadian Forces Flying Training School
- 419 Tactical Fighter (Training) Squadron
- Finnish Air Force
- Indian Airforce
- Indonesian Air Force
- Kenya Air Force
- Kuwait Air Force
- Royal Malaysian Air Force
- Royal Air Force of Oman
- Royal Saudi Air Force
- South African Air Force
- South Korean Air Force
- United Arab Emirates (UAE) Air Force
- United States Navy (T-45A/T-45C)
- Air Force of Zimbabwe
[edit] Former users
- Swiss Air Force (Hawks withdrawn from use in 2002 and stored)
[edit] Specifications (Hawk 128)
Data from Royal Air Force,<ref name="raf">Royal Air Force (2005-04-29). Hawk 128. Aircraft of the RAF. Retrieved on 2006-04-12.</ref> BAE Systems,<ref name="bae">BAE Systems. Hawk. BAE Systems - Air Systems. Retrieved on 2006-04-12.</ref> and Air Vectors<ref name="goebel">Goebel, Greg (2006-03-01). The BAE Hawk. Air Vectors. Retrieved on 2006-04-12.</ref>
General characteristics<h3>
- Crew: 2: student, instructor
- Length: 12.43 m (40 ft 9 in)
- Wingspan: 9.94 m (32 ft 7 in)
- Height: 3.98 m (13 ft 1 in)
- Wing area: 16.70 m² (179.64 ft²)
- Empty weight: 4,480 kg (9,880 lb)
- Useful load: 3,000 kg (6,600 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 9,100 kg (20,000 lb)
- Powerplant: 1× Rolls-Royce Adour Mk.951 turbofan with FADEC, 29 kN (6,500 lbf)
<h3>Performance<h3>
- Never exceed speed: 1.2 Mach
- Maximum speed: .84 Mach (1,028 km/h, 638 mph) at altitude
- Range: 2,520 km (1,360 nm, 1,565 mi)
- Service ceiling: 13,565 m (44,500 ft)
- Rate of climb: 47 m/s (9,300 ft/min)
- Thrust/weight: 0.47
<h3>Armament<h3>
- Note: all armament is optional.
- 1× 30 mm ADEN cannon, in centreline pod
- Up to 6,800 lb (3,085 kg) of weapons on five hardpoints, including:
- 4× AIM-9 Sidewinder or ASRAAM on wing pylons and wingtip rails
- 1,500 lb (680 kg), limited to one centreline and two wing pylons (Hawk T.1)
[edit] References
<references/>
[edit] External links
- The RAF Hawk page
- BAE Systems Hawk fact sheet
- BAE Hawk at Greg Goebel's AIR VECTORS
- Photos of Australian air force Hawk
- http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/types/uk/bae_systems/hawk/hawk1.htm
- The Red Arrows
- Global Security on the Goshawk
- The Boeing T-45 Goshawk page
- The Boeing T-45 Goshawk history page
- British Aircraft Directory
[edit] Related content
Related development<h3>
<h3>Comparable aircraft<h3> <h3>Designation sequence<h3>- Company:
- US Military:
- List of active Canadian military aircraft
- List of active United Kingdom military aircraft
- List of active United States military aircraft
id:Hawker-Siddeley Hawk it:Hawker Siddeley Hawk ja:ホーク (航空機) fi:BAe Hawk sv:BAE Systems Hawk
