Tetracycline

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article deals with the specific antibiotic called Tetracycline. For the group of antibiotics known as the Tetracyclines, see Tetracycline antibiotics.

Image:Tetracycline5.png
Tetracycline
Systematic (IUPAC) name
2-(amino-hydroxy-methylidene)-4-dimethylamino- 6,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-4,4a,5, 5a-tetrahydrotetracene-1,3,12-trione OR 4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro- 3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy- 1,11dioxo-naphthacene-2carboxamide
Identifiers
CAS number	60-54-8
ATC code	A01 AB13 D06 AA04 J01 AA07 S01 AA09 S02 AA08 S03 AA02
PubChem	643969
DrugBank	APRD00572
Chemical data
Formula	C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₈
Mol. weight	444.435 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	60-80% Oral, while fasting <40% Intramuscular
Metabolism	Not metabolised
Half life	6-11 hours
Excretion	Fecal and Renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	D(AU) D(US)
Legal status	℞ Prescription only
Routes	oral, topical (skin & eye), im, iv

Tetracycline (INN) (IPA: [ ˌtɛtrəˈsaɪklin ]) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by the streptomyces bacterium, indicated for use against many bacterial infections. It is commonly used to treat acne. It is sold under the brand names Sumycin®;, Tetracyn®; and Panmycin®, among others. Actisite® is a thread-like fiber form, used in dental applications. It is also used to produce several semi-synthetic derivatives, which together are known as the Tetracycline antibiotic group. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome. Toxicity may be result of inactivation of mitochondrial 30S ribosomes in host cells.

1 History
2 Cautions, Contraindications, Side effects
3 Indication
4 Other uses
5 References

[edit] History

Tetracycline was first discovered by Lloyd Conover in the research departments of Pfizer. The patent for Tetracycline was first issued in 1950 (patent number 2,624,354). Tetracycline sparked the development of many chemically altered antibiotics and in doing so has proved to be one of the most important discoveries made in the field of antibiotics.

[edit] Cautions, Contraindications, Side effects

Are as those of the Tetracycline antibiotics group:

Can stain developing teeth (even when taken by the mother during pregnancy)
Inactivated by Ca²⁺ ion, not advised to be taken with milk or yogurt
Skin photosensitivity, not advised to be exposed to the Sun or intense light
Drug induced lupus, and hepatitis
Tinnitus

[edit] Indication

Tetracycline's primary use is for the treatment of acne vulgaris and rosacea.

It is also used to treat a very wide range of infections; see Tetracycline antibiotics for details.

[edit] Other uses

Since tetracycline is absorbed into bone, it is used as a marker of bone growth for biopsies in humans, and as a biomarker in wildlife to detect consumption of medicine- or vaccine-containing baits. The presence of tetracyline in bone is detected by its fluorescence.

[edit] References

Mayton CA. Tetracycline labeling of bone
Olson CA, et al. Bait ingestion by free-ranging raccoons and nontarget species in an oral rabies vaccine field trial in Florida. J Wildl Dis. 2000 Oct;36(4):734-43.

Acne-treating agents (D10) edit
Topical agents:	Azelaic acid, Benzoyl peroxide, Glycolic acid, Light therapy, Salicylic acid, Tea tree oil
Antibiotics:	Clindamycin, Co-trimoxazole, Erythromycin, Sulfacetamide, Teicoplanin, Tetracyclines, Trimethoprim, Vancomycin
Hormonal:	Antiandrogens, Contraceptives
Retinoids:	Adapalene, Isotretinoin, Tazarotene, Tretinoin